Molecular characterization and race identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici infecting tomato in India
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Molecular characterization and race identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici infecting tomato in India Loganathan Murugan1,2 · Nagendran Krishnan1 · V. Venkataravanappa1,3 · S. Saha1,4 · A. K. Mishra1 · B. K. Sharma1 · A. B. Rai1 Received: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Fourteen isolates of Fusarium were isolated from wilt affected tomato samples collected from 10 different states of India. Characterization of the fungal cultures based on morphology and sequencing of ITS rDNA revealed that they belonged to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol). Pathogenicity assay on two susceptible tomato cultivars showed all the 14 isolates were pathogenic and categorized in high-, moderate- and low-virulent groups. Differential host assay on Bonny Best (no resistant gene), UC82-L (harboring I-1), Fla.MH1 (harboring I-1 and I-2) and I3R-1 (harboring I-1, I-2 and I-3) tomato genotypes and PCR amplification with race-specific primers indicated that all the Fusarium isolates infecting tomato in India were belonging to race 1. Molecular diversity analysis based on ISSR markers revealed the presence of 3 distinct groups of Fol isolates. Abundant diversity was observed among the Fol isolates in harboring the virulence-related genes (endo-polygalacturonase gene pg1 and tomatinases) and toxin production (fumonisin). However, presence of pg1 does not correlate with virulence and the isolates carrying tomatinase 4 (tom-4) in combination with other tomatinase genes were of virulent group. Detection of fumonisin gene in six isolates of Fusarium infecting tomato indicated their toxigenic nature. Keywords Tomato · Fusarium · Wilt · Race · Characterization
Introduction
Loganathan Murugan and Nagendran Krishnan authors contributed equally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02475-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Loganathan Murugan [email protected] 1
Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi 221305, India
2
Present Address: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, India
3
Present Address: CHES, Chettalli, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, India
4
Present Address: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), commonly known as ‘poor man’s apple’, is cultivated worldwide and consumed as table food and processed products. India ranks second in tomato production next to China by producing 19.75 million tones with an average productivity of 25.04 t/ha (NHB 2018). Biotic factors are the major yield limiting constraints for its cultivation, of which Fusarium wilt caused by the soil borne fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) is one of the m
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