Future Perspectives
Some major challenges in the area of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment are presented. Future research required is also discussed.
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Future Perspectives
Abstract Some major challenges in the area of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment are presented. Future research required is also discussed. Keywords Lignocellulosic biomass
Pretreatment Future research Challenges
The effect of greenhouse gasses on the climate change has been recognized as a serious environmental threat. Serious efforts are being made for the search of sustainable more efficient and environmental friendly technology to prevent such emission. Production of ethanol from lignocellulosics has received much attention since the last decade due to enormous potential for conversion of renewable biomaterials into biofuels. A major impediment in this technology is the presence of lignin, which inhibits hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose. This has resulted in extensive research in the development of various pretreatment processes for the treatment of lignocellulosic biomass. The pretreatment step plays a very important role in a lignocellulosic biorefinery process. Various research groups and companies at various levels, usually with financial support from national governments and public bodies (example Swedish Energy Agency, Danish Ministry of Energy, US Department of Energy/Agriculture, and Canadian Sustainable Development Technology Canada) and multinational institutions such as the European Union have developed several proprietary cellulosic ethanol production configuration and technologies. Chemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass due to its high reactivity at mild conditions forms the basics of these technologies. Table 6.1 gives profiles of some of the main projects undertaken or under construction/development underpinned by breakthrough pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation technologies, as well as process integration and optimization. The pretreatment of feedstocks to improve biodegradability to simple sugars has been the subject of intensive research worldwide with a focus on maximizing sugar yields at high solid loads and at the lowest economic and environmental costs. Widely known and emerging chemical pretreatment methods have been reviewed with regard to process description, advantages, drawbacks, and recent innovations © The Author(s) 2016 P. Bajpai, Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production, SpringerBriefs in Green Chemistry for Sustainability, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0687-6_6
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78 Table 6.1 Selected large-scale cellulosic ethanol plants based on chemical pretreatment
6 Future Perspectives SEKAB Örnsköldsvik, Sweden Two stage dilute H2SO4/SO2; pine chips Abengoa bioenergy, Salamanca, Spain; York, NE, USA; Kansas, USA Acid impregnation + steam explosion; wheat and barley straw, corn stover, wheat straw, switchgrass BioGasol Ballerup, Denmark Dilute acid/steam explosion or wet explosion; wheat straw and bran, corn stover, garden wastes, energy crops and green wastes Procethol 2G, Futurol Pomacle, France Wheat straw, switchgrass, green waste, miscanthus, vinasses Izumi Biorefinery Japan Arkenol; cedar, pine, and hemlock INEOS Fl
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