Groundwater quality delineation based on fuzzy comprehensive assessment method (FCAM): a case study
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Groundwater quality delineation based on fuzzy comprehensive assessment method (FCAM): a case study Narsimha Adimalla 1,2 Received: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 November 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Groundwater is the primary source for drinking purposes in all over the world. The present study is carried out to evaluate the groundwater suitability for drinking purposes. For this purposes, thirty groundwater samples were collected from active boreholes in the investigated region and analyzed for concentrations of various physico-chemical parameters. Chadha diagram was used to better understand the hydro-geochemistry, while fuzzy comprehensive assessment method (FCAM) was introduced to delineate the overall groundwater quality for drinking purposes. Groundwater is slightly alkaline in nature in this study region, and the dominant hydrochemical facie is HCO3−-Na+ which is a reflection of the predominant rock-water interaction in the region. Results of FCAM demonstrated that 73% of groundwater samples were most suitable for drinking purposes and remaining 27% were poor in quality which were unsuitable for drinking purposes in the investigated region. Keywords Groundwater quality . Fuzzy comprehensive assessment method (FCAM) . India
Introduction Groundwater is the most important resource for various uses around the world (Chen et al. 2019; Li et al. 2019), and developing countries typically depend on it for their daily needs such as drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes. Especially, India and China are mainly facing water crisis (Singh et al. 2019; Subba Rao et al. 2020; Chen et al. 2018; Narsimha and Sudarshan 2017a), and predominantly, the quality is the main issue in both the developing countries. Therefore, a number of statistical methods have been implemented to understand the pollution sources of groundwater in various regions. More recently, Subba Rao et al. (2020) assessed the quality criteria for groundwater use by applying various statistical methods and found that the rock-water This article is part of the Topical Collection on Recent advanced techniques in water resources management * Narsimha Adimalla [email protected] 1
School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
2
Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
interactions, silicate weathering, ion exchange, and chemical fertilizers influenced the groundwater quality in the Wanapathy region, South India. In another study, Chandrasekar et al. (2019) noticed that groundwater quality is largely contaminated by natural/geological factors and anthropogenic process. Mostly from agricultural fertilizers, municipal wastes, industrial wastes, mismanagement of solid and liquid wastes are essential factors which mainly deteriorates the groundwater quality (Adimalla 2020; Chandrasekar et al. 2019; Liu et al. 201
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