Gamma radiation induced changes in antioxidant and radioprotective activities of flavonoids differing mainly with respec
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Gamma radiation induced changes in antioxidant and radioprotective activities of flavonoids differing mainly with respect to –OH substitution pattern in B and C rings Arul Anantha Kumar A1 · Swetha Sonwani1 · Bakkiam D1 · Ramanathan N2 · Subba Rao T3 Received: 11 May 2020 / Published online: 14 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Six flavonoids (naringenin, genistein, apigenin, luteolin, quercetin and myricetin) differing in number and arrangement of –OH groups in B and C-rings were γ-irradiated (100 kGy) and studied for structural changes, antioxidant (AO) and radioprotective (RP) activities. Quercetin and myricetin were highly radiosensitive and presence of C-ring 3-OH besides other structural features have resulted in C-ring cleavage and A–C, B–C conjugation destruction causing diminution in AO (≈ − 2.0 folds) and RP activities (≈ − 1.0 fold). But in others, lack of C-ring 3-OH had probably resulted in constructive radiolytic changes causing enhancement in AO (≈ 1.5–1.9 folds) and RP activities (≈ 1.0–2.85 folds). Keywords Gamma irradiation · Flavonoids · Antioxidant activity · Radio protective activity
Introduction Over the past decades, radiation processing is being used in many areas of economical importance such as food hygienization, sterilization of medical wares and products, polymer cross-linking, tyre belt vulcanization and so on [1]. But lately radiation has been used as a tool to improve biological and physiological properties of natural compounds through structural modifications. Gamma irradiated silk fibroin (150 kGy), β-glucan (50 kGy) and resveratrol (70 kGy) were shown to exhibit enhanced antitumor, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities respectively compared to their native forms thanks to radiation induced structural changes [2–4]. Usually chemical methods like nano particulate systems, cyclodextrin complexes, chemical derivatives and acylation by chemical and enzymatic means are
* Arul Anantha Kumar A [email protected] 1
Radiological and Environmental Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Material Chemistry Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center (F), Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
used to introduce structural changes in natural compounds to improve their biological activities [2, 5, 6]. But high cost, complex operation, inclusion of toxic substances as reagents and catalysts, scaling up problems and long processing time make these approaches less acceptable and economically unsustainable. Compared to these chemical methods γ-irradiation is a simple process, does simultaneous sterilization of products and introduce no toxic chemical reagents hence devoid of extensive purification procedures [7]. All these features qualify γ-radiation as an ideal tool to induce structural changes in natural compounds for the possible improvement in their biological activities. Flavonoids const
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