Gelatin-based hydrogels for biomedical applications
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iomaterials for 3D Cell Biology Prospective Article
Gelatin-based hydrogels for biomedical applications Panupong Jaipan, Department of Material Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Alexander Nguyen, Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Roger J. Narayan, Department of Material Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Address all correspondence to Roger J. Narayan at [email protected] (Received 2 July 2017; accepted 29 August 2017)
Abstract Gelatin-based hydrogels derived from hydrolysis of collagen have been extensively used in pharmaceutical and medical applications because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability. For example, gelatin-based hydrogels are finding use in drug delivery and tissue engineering because they are able to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. In addition, these hydrogels can be used as wound dressings due to their attractive fluid absorbance properties. Manufacturing technologies such as ultraviolet stereolithography and two-photon polymerization can be used to prepare structures containing photosensitive gelatin-based hydrogels. This review describes the preparation of gelatin-based hydrogels and use of these materials for biomedical applications.
Introduction Hydrogels, crosslinked polymeric networks capable of containing large amount of water,[1–4] can be chemically or physically prepared from natural and/or synthetic polymers and have been widely used in the medical and pharmaceutical fields due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability;[5,6] for instance, synthetic hydrogels [e.g., PVA [poly(ethylene oxide) and poly (vinyl alcohol)]] have been used for tissue engineering due to the availability of synthesis methods to reproducibly manipulate molecular weights, block structures, degradable linkages, and other parameters that dictate their mechanical and chemical properties.[7] In contrast, natural polymers typically exhibit poor mechanical properties but are popular for present biomedical applications since they are typically derived from living organisms, non-toxic, biocompatible,[8] and cause no inflammatory response from the host organism.[1] For these reasons, present studies extensively focus on natural polymers. In particular, gelatin (i.e., a protein obtained from the hydrolysis of collagen) has been an attractive candidate for preparing hydrogels used in long-term biomedical applications because it consists of a large number of functional groups and is easily crosslinked.[1,9] Gelatin is easily soluble in water at 37 °C, nonimmunogenic,[10] and exhibits amphoteric behavior.[1] Due to these properties, gelatin-based hydrogels are used in the manufacture of contact lenses, matrices for tissue engineering, and drug deliver
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