General error mitigation for quantum circuits
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General error mitigation for quantum circuits Manpreet Singh Jattana1,2 Kristel Michielsen1,2
· Fengping Jin1 · Hans De Raedt1,3 ·
Received: 15 June 2020 / Accepted: 24 October 2020 / Published online: 13 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract A general method to mitigate the effect of errors in quantum circuits is outlined. The method is developed in sight of characteristics that an ideal method should possess and to ameliorate an existing method which only mitigates state preparation and measurement errors. The method is tested on different IBM Q quantum devices, using randomly generated circuits with up to four qubits. A large majority of results show significant error mitigation. Keywords General error mitigation · Requirements for ideal error mitigation · Calibration circuits
1 Introduction The road of developing and operating devices that would enable quantum computation has been and continues to be full of obstacles. While some of the development obstacles had been pointed early on, i.e. implementation of reversibility [1] and loss of coherence [2], some are found as we progress. Despite these, devices had been developed and small problems have been implemented [3]. The implementations bring with them operational obstacles. One operational obstacle is the presence of both known (e.g. noise, decoherence) and unknown causes that render the computation erroneous. To tackle this obstacle to some extent, error correction had been proposed [4–6]. Error correction is difficult to implement on current devices due to its hardware requirements. Another attempt at removing the erroneous computation obstacle is error mitigation. In this article, we propose and test a new method for it.
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Manpreet Singh Jattana [email protected]
1
Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
3
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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1.1 Correction versus mitigation Error correction has been described as a procedure of protecting quantum computation against noise or errors, by encoding redundant information to the process [7]. This redundancy necessitates additional hardware in order to be implementable. If we wish to avoid using additional hardware, we need a different method altogether. If we define ‘cooperative’ as the ability of a quantum device to systematically reproduce its errors, then, error mitigation is defined as a method to attenuate errors when applied to a cooperative error-prone device. Since such a process does not require additional hardware, but only additional resources from the available hardware, the main problem that error correction faces is circumvented. Henceforth, we focus on error mitigation. 1.2 Requirements We require a method to have the following characteristics to be called an ideal error mitigation method: 1. Result recovery: the method should be able to mitiga
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