Genetic diversity and population structure of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) accessions using phenotypic traits and SS
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Genetic diversity and population structure of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) accessions using phenotypic traits and SSR markers: implications for rust resistance breeding Happy Daudi . Hussein Shimelis . Isack Mathew . Richard Oteng-Frimpong . Chris Ojiewo . Rajeev K. Varshney
Received: 15 February 2020 / Accepted: 30 August 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a multi-purpose legume serving millions of farmers and their value chain actors globally. Use of old poorperforming cultivars contributes to low yields (\ 1 t/ha) of groundnut in sub-Saharan Africa including Tanzania. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of genetic variation among diverse groundnut collections using phenotypic traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to select distinct and complementary genotypes for breeding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-01007-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. Daudi (&) H. Shimelis I. Mathew African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa e-mail: [email protected]
One hundred and nineteen genotypes were evaluated under field conditions for agronomic traits and susceptibility to rust and leaf spot diseases. The study was conducted in two locations across two seasons. In addition, the 119 accessions were profiled with 13 selected SSR markers. Genotype and genotype by environment interaction effects were significant (p \ 0.05) for days to flowering (DTF), late leaf spot score at 85 and 100 days after planting, pod yield (PDY), kernel yield (KY), hundred seed weight (HSW) and shelling percentage (SP). Principal components analysis revealed that plant stand, KY, SP, NPP (number of pods per plant), late leaf spot and rust disease scores accounted for the largest proportion of R. K. Varshney International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
H. Daudi Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute-Naliendele, P.O. Box 509, Mtwara, Tanzania R. Oteng-Frimpong CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana C. Ojiewo International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Nairobi, Kenya
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Genet Resour Crop Evol
the total variation (71.9%) among the tested genotypes. Genotypes ICGV-SM 08587 and ICGV-SM 16579 had the most stable yields across the test environments. Moderate genetic variation was recorded with mean polymorphic information content of 0.34 and gene diversity of 0.63 using the SSR markers. The majority (74%) of genotypes showed high membership coefficients to their respective subpopulations, while 26% were admixtures after structure analysis. Much of the variation (69%) was found within populations due to genotypic differences. The present study identified genotype
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