Genetic diversity and similarity of pear ( Pyrus communis L.) cultivars in Central Europe revealed by SSR markers
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Genetic diversity and similarity of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars in Central Europe revealed by SSR markers Gitta M. Kocsisne´ . Da´vid Bolla . Ulrike C. M. Anhalt-Bru¨derl . Astrid Forneck . Ja´nos Taller . La´szlo´ Kocsis
Received: 5 August 2019 / Accepted: 6 April 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The Hungarian pear gene bank, located and founded in Keszthely in 1981, contains 210 pear cultivars including regional cultivars, cultivars of foreign origin and standard commercial cultivars. There are some cultivars with synonym names in the pear gene bank and in other pear growing areas within the Hungary. The aim of our work was to systematically analyse the genotypes of Hungarian cultivars in the pear gene bank and to set up a robust protocol for molecular identification and the interpretation of data. Eighty-eight cultivars were analysed employing eight SSR primers resulting in a total of 216 alleles. Seventy-seven cultivars were thoroughly analysed. Among the samples 29 were considered to be diploids and 59 triploids. A genetic diversity analysis was computed based on a Neighbour-Joining algorithm
G. M. Kocsisne´ (&) D. Bolla J. Taller Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Dea´k F. u. 16, Keszthely, Hungary e-mail: [email protected] U. C. M. Anhalt-Bru¨derl A. Forneck Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad- Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria L. Kocsis Horticultural Department Hungary, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Dea´k F. u. 16, Keszthely, Hungary
and combined with a PCA indicating close genetic relationship and an overall high amount of genetic diversity among the samples tested. Similarities and very close relations were verified in our studies between different pear cultivar variants: ’Korai szagos’ A and B, which were planted with the same name in the gene bank. Six different ’Csa´sza´r ko¨rte’ and three ’Ko¨cso¨g ko¨rte’ cultivars were compared. It was important to establish how close their relationship was. Some cultivars originating from the same regions were compared. The ’Mez} oko¨vesdi 20 and ’30 are in the same main branch, however their distance is larger, the number of common alleles is less than those of the two ’Erde´lyi ko¨rte’ cultivars. Keywords Genetic diversity Relationship Pear Gene bank
Introduction The leading pear (Pyrus communis L.) growing countries in Europe are Italy (700,000 t), Spain (400,000 t), Belgium and the Netherlands. In the countries of the European Union production is stable at 2–2.5 million tonnes. The most widespread cultivars are ’Conference’ and ’Williams’, with about 14% each, followed by ’Abbe´ Fe´tel’. ’Williams’ production has been steady between 250,000 and 300,000 ha in the last few years. ’Abbe´ Fe´tel’, mostly
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produced in Italy, is over 250,000 tonnes, whereas the production of the Span
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