Genetic diversity of physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L.) revealed by SSR markers
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J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 2011 (June) 14 (2) : 105 ~ 110 DOI No. 10.1007/s12892-011-0008-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Genetic Diversity of Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas L.) Revealed by SSR Markers Yaowalak Na-ek1, Arunee Wongkaew1, Thitaporn Phumichai2, Nongluck Kongsiri1, Rungsarid Kaveeta1, Tanee reewongchai1, Chalermpol Phumichai1* 1 2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand Rubber Research Institute of Thailand, Department of Agriculture, 50 Paholyothin Rd. Jatujak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Received: Feburary 6, 2011 / Revised: May 2, 2011 / Accepted: May 25, 2011 Ⓒ Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer 2011
Abstract Ten microsatellite markers were used to investigate genetic diversity and genetic structure among 32 accessions of Jatropha curcas. Low levels of average genetic diversity were observed (HE = 0.160). A dendrogram produced by the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) based on Nei's genetic distances revealed 3 groups among 32 accessions. The genetic differentiation (FST) among two groups was significant (P < 0.01). The model-based Bayesian clustering method indicated that a population structure (∆K) was separated into two groups. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed higher variability (63.753%) among groups than within groups (36.247%). These findings could assist in defining the best method of genetic conservation and studies in breeding programs for genetic improvement of J. curcas. Key words: genetic diversity, Jatropha curcas L., physic nut, microsatellite, population structure
Introduction Jatropha curcas L., or physic nut (also called Barbados nut, purging nut, or JCL), is native to Mexico and Central America, and is currently being naturalized in many tropical and subtropical areas including India, Africa, North America, and South-East Asia. It was spread by Portuguese ships traveling via the Cape Verde Islands and Guinea-Bissau about 400 years ago (Heller 1996). J. curcas is a poisonous evergreen shrub or a small tree less than 6 meters high, belonging to the spurge family (Euphorbiacae). The genome of J. curcas is relatively small (average 2C value of 0.850 pg or C DNA content of 416 Mbp) compared with other members of Euphorbiaceae (Carvalho et al. 2008). Because of the high non-edible oil content of its seeds, J. curcas is rapidly emerging as a potential biodiesel resource and an alternative to petroleum diesel (Ghosh et al. 2007; Takeda 1982). The availability of genetic variation in the desired traits is vital for the success of any genetic improvement or conservation program (Heller 1996). Genetic improvement is enabled by the Chalermpol Phumichai ( ) E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Fax: +66-2579-8580
The Korean Society of Crop Science
existence of a large and diverse gene pool, which can be surveyed by global exploration and characterization of germplasm samples. Understanding the genetic relationships and genetic structure in J. curcas is important for enabling efficient management, co
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