Genetic population structure of the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus thymalli and its host European grayling ( Thymallus
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PRIMARY RESEARCH PAPER
Genetic population structure of the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus thymalli and its host European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) in a large Norwegian lake Ruben Alexander Pettersen . Claudia Junge . Kjartan Østbye . Tor Atle Mo . Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad
Received: 22 November 2019 / Revised: 23 September 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Understanding how populations are structured in space and time is a central question in evolutionary biology. Parasites and their hosts are assumed to evolve together, however, detailed understanding of mechanisms leading to genetic structuring of parasites and their hosts are lacking. As a parasite depends on its host, studying the genetic structure of both parasite and host can reveal important insights into these mechanisms. Here, genetic structure of the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus thymalli and its Handling editor: Christian Sturmbauer
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04431-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. R. A. Pettersen K. Østbye L. A. Vøllestad Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway e-mail: [email protected] L. A. Vøllestad e-mail: [email protected] R. A. Pettersen (&) Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, ˚ s, Norway P.O. Box 115, 1431 A e-mail: [email protected]
host the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) was investigated in 10 tributaries draining into the large Lake Mjøsa in Norway. The population genetic structure of spawning grayling was studied using microsatellite genotyping, while G. thymalli was studied by sequencing a mitochondrial DNA gene (dehydrogenase subunit 5). Two main genetic clusters were revealed in grayling, one cluster comprising grayling from the largest spawning population, while the remaining tributaries formed the second cluster. For both taxa, some genetic differentiation was observed among tributaries, but there was no clear isolation-by-distance signature. The structuring was stronger for the host than for the parasite. These results imply that moderate to high levels of gene flow occur among the sub-populations of both taxa. The high C. Junge Tromsø Department, Havforskningsinstituttet (Institute of Marine Research, IMR), Framsenteret, NO 9007, Norway e-mail: [email protected] K. Østbye Faculty of Applied Ecology Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 400, 2418 Elverum, Norway T. A. Mo Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalle´en 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway e-mail: [email protected]
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Hydrobiologia
parasite exchange among tributaries could result from a lack of strong homing behavior in grayling as well as interactions among individual fish outside of the spawning season
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