Unravelling the genetic variability and population structure of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum spp.): a collection of north weste
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Unravelling the genetic variability and population structure of buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.): a collection of north western Himalayas Eram Bashir1,2 · Reetika Mahajan1 · Rakeeb Ahmad Mir2 · W. A. Dar3 · Sajad Majeed Zargar1 Received: 26 February 2020 / Accepted: 30 April 2020 © Archana Sharma Foundation of Calcutta 2020
Abstract Buckwheat is a pseudocereal that belongs to family Polygonaceae. It is cultivated as a traditional crop in Asia, central Europe and eastern Europe and is used as food as well as medicine. It possesses high quality protein that lacks gluten and is rich in many nutraceuticals and antioxidants; due to which it is presently in great demand. In the present investigation, we collected the buckwheat germplasm from various regions of north western Himalayas of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. The material was purified and then used for molecular variability studies. We used 15 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSRs) to study polymorphism among 52 genotypes of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and further, evaluated these SSRs for transferability in other buckwheat species. Among 15 SSRs isolated from common buckwheat; only seven SSRs could amplify the other buckwheat species. These SSRs were then used to study the genetic variability among 110 genotypes of buckwheat based on the allele frequency. These SSRs amplified a total number of 136 alleles, with 30 alleles amplified by Fem-1322. The major allele frequency ranged from 0.11 to 0.42 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.04 to 0.46. Fem-1322 represents highest Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of 0.93; followed by Fem-1303 and Fem-1407 with PIC 0.89. The gene diversity ranged from 0.72 to 0.93. Further Darwin based cluster analysis revealed the formation of two major groups by the 110 genotypes. Furthermore, model based STRUCTURE analysis generated two subpopulations which correspond to distance based groups. High level of genetic diversity was observed within the population. The results obtained provided insights about transferability of SSR markers among different species and these findings have further implications in buckwheat breeding as well as conservation strategies. Keywords Buckwheat · SSRs · Genetic diversity · Population structure · PIC
Corresponding Editor : Sachin Rustgi. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-020-00319-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sajad Majeed Zargar [email protected] 1
Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
2
Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
3
MARS, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Gurez, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Introduction Buckwheat (2x = 16), a pseudocereal is a dicotyl
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