Graphene nickel silica supported nanocomposites as an efficient purifier for water treatment
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Graphene nickel silica supported nanocomposites as an efficient purifier for water treatment Safiah A. Alramadhan1 · Hassan H. Hammud1 Received: 28 August 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract This work reports the preparation of graphene nickel silica GCNi@SiO2 (1) and GCNi@1/2SiO2 (2) adsorbents in high yield. The preparation is a simple pyrolysis of readily prepared Ni(2,2′-bipyridine)Cl2.H2O complex with cheap abundant silica support and an extra carbon source anthracene, at 850 °C. The nanocomposites showed rough porous carbon microstructures over silica particles with some nickel nanoparticles forming rods, cubes, octahedron, pyramids, and cuboids within 5 μm size. The agglomerated nickel nanoparticles bursting out of graphitic sheets caused increase in surface porosity and noticeable electroactivity. The current density for electrode coated with (2) is three time greater than in (1) when testing K4Fe(CN)6. TEM of GCNi (3) indicated the presence of 15 to 45 nm nanoparticles made up of graphitic shell and nickel cores, graphene flakes and bamboo-like multiwall carbon nanotubes MWCNT. Although in (2), graphene and MWCNT were condensed on silica. Raman and EDX indicated higher carbon to silica ratio in (2) compared to (1), as expected. The presence of Ni(0) and Ni2+ in nanocomposites is evidenced by XPS and Xrd. The nanocomposites were applied as adsorbent of aromatic cationic dyes for water treatment. Langmuir adsorption capacity qmax of (1) for methylene blue was 39.5 mg/g. While qmax of (1) and (2) for crystal violet were 23.9 and 26.0 mg/g, respectively. The mechanism of adsorption is the best described as π–π interactions between graphitic carbon and aromatic cationic dyes. The column adsorption capacity of (2) for crystal violet was 9.8 mg/g, and the data was best fitted with Thomas model. The column was recycled three times with no clogging. Keywords Adsorption · Dyes · Graphene carbon · Nickel silica nanocomposites · Modified electrode
Introduction Water pollution is a global problem and requires urgent solutions. Furthermore, the preservation of the aquatic ecosystem and life by regulation protocols of water pollution has become of increasing importance. However, industrialization represent a major cause of water pollution via releasing of various toxic substances, such as chemicals (metal ions and dyes), gases, solid wastes as well as microorganisms (Inyinbor Adejumoke, A. et al. 2018; Inyinbor et al. 2016). Color from contaminants is the utmost obvious indicator Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01580-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hassan H. Hammud [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al‑Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
of water pollution. Synthetic organic dyes are substantial component in textile industries. They are considerably visible in the envir
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