Gross alpha/beta activity concentrations in spa and mineral waters in North Vietnam
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Gross alpha/beta activity concentrations in spa and mineral waters in North Vietnam Hao Van Duong1 · Huy Luong Le2 · Duong Thanh Nguyen1 · Ngoc Minh Vu3 · Trung H. Duong4,5 · Miklós Hegedűs6 · Anita Peka6 · Tibor Kovács6 Received: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 / Published online: 10 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract There is little available information on the radioactivity concentrations in the thermal and drinking water sources in North Vietnam. In the current study, the gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations were determined in 8 water sources in − 1. These activity the area. The average activities of gross alpha and beta in the 8 sources are 38.7 mBq L − 1 and 88.0 mBq L concentrations are lower than WHO recommendations for drinking water. In this study, the gross alpha and gross beta show a weak correlation. Keywords Gross alpha · Gross beta · Hot spring · North Vietnam
Introduction The water has an indispensable role in sustaining life, development, and the environment. This includes surface and underground waters, in which the underground water includes thermal and mineral water. These types of water resources are a key identification of the economic growth and social prospect of a country [1–3]. Thermal and mineral waters (including spa waters) are known as valuable natural resources and are popular for medical therapy, such as the treatment of rheumatic diseases, skin diseases, arterial circulation disorders, muscular and skeletal damage, peripheral nerve damage, and other disorders [4]. Moreover, locations
* Tibor Kovács [email protected]‑pannon.hu 1
Hanoi University of Mining and Geology (HUMG), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
2
AGH University of Science and Technology (AGH UST), Krakow, Poland
3
Environmental Science Institute, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
4
Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh city 700000, Vietnam
5
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
6
Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
with thermal and minerals water are suitable for tourism, recreation, and rehabilitation purposes as well [5]. Because of the popularity and importance of these types of water, their quality must be strictly controlled, including the concentration of radioactivity. For underground water, the physicochemical conditions and geological formation of the area strongly affects the occurrence of radionuclides, which can effect human health by the ingestion of drinking water from wells utilized in water-supply systems [1, 6, 7]. Therefore, the radiological characterization of drinking water has been a topic of concern of several organizations worldwide. There are several standards and regulations determining limitations on radionuclide concentrations in water. However, measuring individual radionuclide activities costs a lot of time and is always expensive [3]. For this reason, there is a necessity for a method that is not only low cost, rapid and simple, but
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