Groundnut Testa: An Industrial Agro-Processing Residue for the Coloring and Protective Finishing of Cotton Fabric
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Groundnut Testa: An Industrial Agro‑Processing Residue for the Coloring and Protective Finishing of Cotton Fabric Pintu Pandit1 · Seiko Jose2 · Ritu Pandey3 Received: 31 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Textile grade dye from agro-residue, groundnut testa was produced by aqueous extraction. The extracted dye was used for the dyeing of cotton in the presence of alum, ferrous sulfate, and myrobalan. The fastness and functional properties of the dyed fabrics were studied. The results showed that the color fixation of groundnut testa dye on cotton is good, without the aid of mordants; however, the dye produced deeper shades in the presence of mordants. Irrespective of the mordants used, the dyed fabric showed excellent microbial resistance against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and ultraviolet protection. Lab to bulk correlation studies of groundnut testa dye was conducted with knitted cotton fabric so that the textile dyeing industry can benefit from this agro- residue natural resource. Color strength (K/S) of the bulk dyed sample is higher than the lab dip with the color difference (dE) found to be higher than the industrial shade approving limit of 1.0. The garment-dyed using tie and dye method exhibited good fastness properties. The printing with the dye extract was also attempted and it showed good printability on cotton. Thus, dyeing and printing using agro-residue of groundnut testa is a source of sustainable and cleaner production of natural dye for the medium and small-scale industries. Graphic abstract
Keywords Groundnut testa · Cotton fabric · Agro-residue · Natural dyeing · Antibacterial finish · UV protection Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Novelty Statement The dyeing of textiles using groundnut testa with different mordants is reported for the first time. We are reporting the lab – bulk correlation studies on natural dyes, which are the first time reported. – The dyed fabric pocesses good fastness, Ultraviolet protection, and antimicrobial properties – The tie and dye and printing of textiles using groundnut testa dye were found to produce dark shades with appealing designs. – The technology described in the research paper is ecofriendly and can be open up a large scope of employment opportunities for rural people. – Additionally, it will give an extra income to the groundnut farmers as well as groundnut processing industries.
Introduction Agro-residue utilization for enzymes, fibers, fertilizers, building materials, polymers, geology, bio-energy, dyeing, etc. is being adopted throughout the world to mitigate the carbon footprints and reduce the dependency on precious virgin resources [1, 2]. Since agro-residues are available in huge quantities at a cheap price, there is ample scope in this area and many research attempts are being made to derive novel sources and value-added products [3]. Palm oil seed shell and toxic olive oil waste for enzyme and antibiotic production
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