Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota Diversity in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Fed with a Probiotic
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Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota Diversity in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Fed with a Probiotic Bacterium, Honey Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Wahid Hasyimi1 · Widanarni Widanarni2 · Munti Yuhana2 Received: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance and intestinal microbiota composition in Pacific white shrimp after probiotic, honey prebiotic, or synbiotic treatment. Pacific white shrimp were treated for 45 days with probiotic (1% (v/w) of Bacillus sp. NP5 R fR probiotic), prebiotic (0.5% (v/w) of honey prebiotic), synbiotic (1% (v/w) of probiotic and 0.5% (v/w) prebiotic), or control (without addition of probiotic and prebiotic). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to assess the effects of these treatments on growth performance and intestinal microbial diversity. The administration of a probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic led to increases in specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and digestive enzyme activities of amylase, protease, and lipase in Pacific white shrimp. The prebiotic treatment demonstrated the greatest effect, with values of growth rate of 3.09 ± 0.02 (% day−1), feed conversion ratio of 1.45 ± 0.00, and enzyme activities of 1.388 ± 0.0211 IU mg−1 protein for amylase, 0.055 ± 0.0004 IU mg−1 protein for protease, and 0.152 ± 0.0025 IU mg−1 protein for lipase. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota diversity revealed that prebiotic administration caused dominance of the phylum Bacteroidetes, whereas the probiotic and synbiotic treatments caused dominance of the phylum Proteobacteria. Moreover, prebiotic treatment was able to increase the diversity of Microbacterium, Lactobacillus, and Neptunomonas, which are established probiotic candidates in aquaculture. The probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic treatments induced a number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) significantly higher than control treatment, that is, 470, 480, 451, and 344 OTU, respectively.
Introduction Shrimp are a commodity of fisheries with a high economic value in Indonesia, with Indonesia being the fourth largest shrimp producer after China, India, and Vietnam. In 2018, the production value of shrimp in Indonesia was 315.000–355.000 tons [5]. Use of an intensive culture system with high stocking densities of shrimp, to fulfill the high demand for shrimp production, has negative effects. The intensive culture system causes decreases in growth performance and individual size at harvest, reduces the water quality, increases stress, and declines the survival rate as levels of bacterial and viral infections are increased [26]. * Widanarni Widanarni [email protected] 1
Aquaculture Science, Graduate School, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
Department Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
2
Antibiotics are often used as disease control measures. Presently, the use of antibiotics is limited by concerns regarding resist
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