Comparative influence of dietary probiotic, yoghurt, and sodium butyrate on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, b
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Comparative influence of dietary probiotic, yoghurt, and sodium butyrate on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, blood hematology, and immune response of meat-type chickens M. N. Makled 1 & K. F. M. Abouelezz 1,2
&
A. E. G. Gad-Elkareem 1 & A. M. Sayed 1
Received: 22 January 2019 / Accepted: 24 May 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract This study was conducted to assess the effects of early dietary supplementation with probiotic, yoghurt, and sodium butyrate (SB) on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota, blood hematology, and immune response of broiler chickens. A total of 180 1-dayold SASSO broiler chicks, housed in 12 equal floor pen replicates each of 15 chicks, were assigned randomly to four feeding treatments (three replicates/treatment, n = 45): T1. Basal diet (BD) (control), T2. BD incorporated 1 g of a commercial probiotic per kilogram, T3. BD mixed with 5 g of fresh yoghurt per kilogram, and T4. BD incorporated 0.6 g SB/kg. The experimental birds received the dietary treatments from 1 to 21 days of age. The dietary supplementation (g/kg) with commercial probiotic, yoghurt, and SB during the first 21 days of age did not affect broiler’s growth performance variables at day 42, relative weight of immunity organs, blood hematological indices, or the ileal and cecal bacterial counts at day 42, but increased the serum IgG levels and reduced the cecal aerobes at day 21. The probiotic and yoghurt treatments increased the serum content of antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus and decreased the counts of ileal aerobes and E. coli at day 21, whereas the SB treatment increased the ileal lactobacilli count at day 21. In conclusion, the tested feed additives displayed beneficial impacts on broilers’ gut microbiota at day 21 and serum IgG at day 42, but did not affect the growth performance or blood hematological indices at 42 days of age. Keywords Growth promoters . Antibiotic alternatives . Immune response . Gut microflora . Broiler chickens
Introduction In poultry feed, sub-therapeutic doses of synthetic antibiotics had been used for decades as essential growth promoter feed additives, which maintain the gut ecosystem balance and enhance the growth performance of birds (FAO 2016; Moquet * K. F. M. Abouelezz [email protected] M. N. Makled [email protected] 1
Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
2
Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
et al. 2016). Since 2006, much legislation has been devoted to restrict or ban (in some countries) the use of such antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal diets. This has accelerated the efforts to investigate and develop alternatives for the AGP; the
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