Guidance, navigation, and control of Hayabusa2 touchdown operations
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s42064-020-0086-5
Guidance, navigation, and control of Hayabusa2 touchdown operations Fuyuto Terui1 (), Naoko Ogawa1 , Go Ono1 , Seiji Yasuda2 , Tetsuya Masuda2 , Kota Matsushima2 , Takanao Saiki1 , and Yuichi Tsuda1 1. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan 2. 3rd Space Technology Department, Space System Division, NEC Corporation, Tokyo 183-8501, Japan
ABSTRACT
KEYWORDS
Hayabusa2 is a Japanese sample return mission from the asteroid Ryugu. The Hayabusa2
small body exploration
spacecraft was launched on 3 December 2014 and arrived at Ryugu on 27 June 2018. It
touchdown
stayed there until December 2019 for in situ observation and soil sample collection, and
astrodynamics
will return to the Earth in November or December 2020. During the stay, the spacecraft
guidance
performed the first touchdown operation on 22 February 2019 and the second touchdown on
navigation
11 July 2019, which were both completed successfully. Because the surface of Ryugu is rough
control
and covered with boulders, it was not easy to find target areas for touchdown. There were several technical challenges to overcome, including demanding guidance, navigation, and
Research Article
control accuracy, to realize the touchdown operation. In this paper, strategies and technical
Received: 17 February 2020
details of the guidance, navigation, and control systems are presented. The flight results
Accepted: 15 May 2020
prove that the performance of the systems was satisfactory and largely contributed to the
© Tsinghua University Press
success of the operation.
1
Table 1
Introduction
Hayabusa2 is a Japanese sample return mission from the asteroid Ryugu [1, 2]. The Hayabusa2 spacecraft was launched on 3 December 2014 and arrived at Ryugu on 27 June 2018 [3]. It stayed there until November 2019 for in situ observation and soil sample collection; it is now flying back to the Earth and will return in November or December 2020. During the stay, the spacecraft performed several descent operations, as shown in Table 1 [4–11], such as deploying rovers, dropping SCI to form an artificial crater, and touchdown. The first touchdown operation was performed successfully on 22 February 2019 [9, 10], and the spacecraft successfully touched down on Ryugu for the second time on 11 July 2019 [11]. The locations for the first and second touchdowns are shown with nicknames in Fig. 1. The strategy adopted for touchdown (TD) was a technique called pinpoint touchdown (PPTD), in which the spacecraft performs GNC with respect to a small, reflective, beanbag-like target marker (TM) that had
2020
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Operation ID
List of descent operations Date
Objectives
MID
1–2 Aug. 2018
Asteroid global observation
GRV
6–7 Aug. 2018
Asteroid gravity estimation
TD1-R1
11–12 Sept. 2018 Touchdown rehearsal
MNRV
20–21 Sept. 2018 MINERVA-II release
MSCT
2–4 Oct. 2018
MASCOT release
TD1-R1-A
14–15 Oct. 2018
Touchdown rehearsal
TD1-R3
24–25 Oct. 201
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