Gut microbiota and atherosclerosis: role of B cell for atherosclerosis focusing on the gut-immune-B2 cell axis
- PDF / 418,316 Bytes
- 10 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 60 Downloads / 174 Views
REVIEW
Gut microbiota and atherosclerosis: role of B cell for atherosclerosis focusing on the gut-immune-B2 cell axis Lin Chen 1,2 & Tomoaki Ishigami 1
&
Hiroshi Doi 1 & Kentaro Arakawa 1 & Kouichi Tamura 1
Received: 24 December 2019 / Revised: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 8 June 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity worldwide and is described as a complex disease involving several different cell types and their molecular products. Recent studies have revealed that atherosclerosis arises from a systemic inflammatory process, including the accumulation and activities of various immune cells. However, the immune system is a complicated network made up of many cell types, hundreds of bioactive cytokines, and millions of different antigens, making it challenging to readily define the associated mechanism of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, we previously reported a potential persistent inflammatory process underlying atherosclerosis development, centered on a pathological humoral immune response between commensal microbes and activated subpopulations of substantial B cells in the vicinity of the arterial adventitia. Accumulating evidence has indicated the importance of gut microbiota in atherosclerosis development. Commensal microbiota are considered important regulators of immunity and metabolism and also to be possible antigenic sources for atherosclerosis development. However, the interplay between gut microbiota and metabolism with regard to the modulation of atherosclerosis-associated immune responses remains poorly understood. Here, we review the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence atherogenesis, with particular focus on humoral immunity and B cells, especially the gut-immune-B2 cell axis. Keywords Commensal microbiota . Atherosclerosis . Inflammation . B2 cells
Introduction Atherosclerotic diseases comprise systemic disorders that represent a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of atherosclerosis are not completely understood, studies over the past decade have highlighted the critical role of the immune system in this process. In particular, cells, both the innate (macrophages) and adaptive (T cell and B
* Tomoaki Ishigami [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Medical Science and Cardio-Renal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
2
Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Long Mian Avenue 109 Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
lymphocytes) branches, of the immune system appear to play an important role in the development of this common condition [1–3]. In addition, recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiome exerts direct effects on the immune responses that regulate chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and atherosclerosis [4, 5]. Moreove
Data Loading...
