Halimium as an ectomycorrhizal symbiont: new records and an appreciation of known fungal diversity
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Halimium as an ectomycorrhizal symbiont: new records and an appreciation of known fungal diversity Marco Leonardi 1 & Ariadne Nóbrega Marinho Furtado 2 & Ornella Comandini 3 & József Geml 4 & Andrea C. Rinaldi 5 Received: 2 July 2020 / Revised: 15 October 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Halimium is a genus of Cistaceae, containing a small group of shrub species found in open vegetation types and in degraded forest patches throughout the western and central Mediterranean region. We recently described the morpho-anatomical features of the ectomycorrhizae formed by Scleroderma meridionale on Halimium halimifolium, but the mycorrhizal biology of this host plant genus is still largely unexplored. Here, we report new data on the ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts of Halimium, based on the collection of sporocarps and ectomycorrhizal root tips in pure stands occurring in Sardinia, Italy. To obtain a broader view of Halimium mycorrhizal and ecological potential, we compiled a comprehensive and up-to-date checklist of fungal species reported to establish ectomycorrhizae on Halimium spp. on the basis of field observations, molecular approaches, and mycorrhiza synthesis. Our list comprises 154 records, corresponding to 102 fungal species and 35 genera, revealing a significant diversity of the Halimium ectomycorrhizal mycobiota. Key ectomycorrhizal genera like Russula, Lactarius/Lactifluus, Amanita, Inocybe, and Cortinarius account for more than half of all mycobionts. A large proportion of Halimium fungal species are shared with other host plants in various ecological settings, suggesting a critical role of common mycorrhizal networks in the function played by this shrub in various Mediterranean ecosystems. Keywords Cistaceae . Ecological networks . Ectomycorrhiza . Fungal communities . Maquis shrubland
Introduction Shrublands occupy a specific niche in the Mediterranean biome, with an increasingly appreciated ecological function. In particular, plants occurring in this peculiar environment improve water and light regime, protect soil from erosion, and Section Editor: Dominik Begerow * Andrea C. Rinaldi [email protected] 1
Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, I-67100 Coppito, AQ, Italy
2
Departamento de Botânica, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-960, Brazil
3
Department of Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
4
MTA-EKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group, Eszterházy Károly University, Leányka u. 6., Eger H-3300, Hungary
5
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
desertification, and act as “nurse” species for tree seedlings, thus favoring the establishment of late-successional species (https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?page_id=98). To perform such tasks, the shrubs and small trees that in
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