Halophytes in India and Their Role in Phytoremediation
Halophytic plants thrive well in the environments characterized by excess salt ions, even at toxic concentration, particularly sodium and chloride, due to their efficient biochemical tolerance mechanisms. These adaptation mechanisms may not be limited to
- PDF / 346,108 Bytes
- 21 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 15 Downloads / 191 Views
Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Halophytes and Their Role in Phytoremediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Halophytes in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Role of Halophytes in Phytoremediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Tolerance Mechanism of Halophytes to Extreme Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Halophytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Heavy Metal Tolerance Mechanism in Halophytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 2 2 5 11 12 13 15 15
Abstract
Halophytic plants thrive well in the environments characterized by excess salt ions, even at toxic concentration, particularly sodium and chloride, due to their efficient biochemical tolerance mechanisms. These adaptation mechanisms may not be limited to high salt concentrations but may confer tolerance to other toxic ions, including heavy metals. Several studies have documented the ability of halophytes to tolerate and accumulate high levels of heavy metals, making them excellent candidates for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. This chapter details the overview of halophytes in India and their phytoremediation strategies. Keywords
Halophytes · Heavy metals, Salt ions, Tolerance mechanisms · Phytoremediation
M. I. Naikoo (*) · U. Kafeel · F. A. Khan Plant Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India F. Naushin Botany Section, Women’s College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 M. N. Grigore (ed.), Handbook of Halophytes, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17854-3_115-1
1
2
1
M. I. Naikoo et al.
Introduction
The rapid and injudicious urbanization and industrialization during the past few decades led to the release of large amounts of toxic wastes into the environment (Naikoo et al. 2019). Heavy metals and salinity are contaminating vast areas worldwide. Globally $35–50 billion is spent each year cleaning up sites contaminated with heavy metals annually (Neilson and Rajakaruna 2014). It is estimated that the United States spends $6–8 billion each year for cleaning up metal-contaminated sites (Pilon-Smits 2005; Gall and Rajakaruna 2013), a
Data Loading...
