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REPORT

Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current Scenario of the Worldwide Biofuel Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Various Conversion Routes of Halophytic Biomass Feedstocks to Biofuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Halophytes for Biofuel Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Socioeconomic Impacts of Biofuel Production from Halophyte Biomass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Techno-economic Feasibility of Biofuel Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Life Cycle Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Policy Considerations in the Main Biofuel Producing Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 European Union Bioenergy Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Key Challenge and Logistic Issues Related to Biofuel Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Conclusion and Future Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 4 5 7 9 15 16 18 18 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22

Abstract

Biofuels are gaining importance due to high crude oil prices, high energy demands, and global warming issues. According to the world energy council, the biofuel production will be tripled by 2030, with Brazil and the United States contributing to 80% of the total biofuel production. The use of first generation biofuels is connected with food insecurity and increase in food prices, while second generation biofuels used raw cellulosic mass from nonfood crops. The plant-based fuels are considered in renewable sources with easy

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