Lignocellulosic biofuel production: review of alternatives
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Lignocellulosic biofuel production: review of alternatives Lakshmi Machineni 1 Received: 2 April 2019 / Revised: 15 May 2019 / Accepted: 20 May 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Global environmental protection is of immediate concern that can only be achieved by avoiding the use of fossil fuels and tailpipe emissions. In addition, investment on waste disposal is not economical; however, recycling of the same waste for renewable energy production is favorable in the economic and social development of the society in an eco-friendly manner. Utilization of biodegradable wastes, such as agricultural and forestry residues, and non-edible plant matter for value-added bioproducts is a promising, inexpensive, and abundant clean substitute of fossil fuels. There has been extensive research on the conversion of lignocellulosic materials to biofuels over the past few decades. The recalcitrance of lignin in crop residues, however, impedes polysaccharide accessibility and its transformation into commercially significant choice of value-added products. Traditional physiochemical and thermal methods are hampered by high-cost processing steps in pretreatment and saccharification, and also require additional maintenance and care due to the generation of eco-unfriendly compounds. Recent advances in novel consolidated bioprocessing through mixed consortium are promising choices to reduce both the number of operational steps and the production of inhibitors with higher conversion efficiency. Although biofilm-based technologies have been successfully applied for wastewater and solid waste treatment, their potential application in biofuel production has been unexplored. The present review focuses on the state-of-the-art development of biofuel production by mixed consortium and also recent strategies to improve biofuel yield including the metabolic pathway construction. Keywords Lignocellulosic biomass . Bioconversion . Biofuel . CBP . Biofilm
1 Introduction The ever-increasing population of the world relies on conventional non-renewable fossil fuels, such as oil, wood mass, natural gas, and coal to meet growing energy demands that cannot be fulfilled in near future due to ongoing depletion of these reserves. The sudden increase in crude oil prices and uncertainties associated with its availability in recent times have been identified as the major drive for alternative clean and low-priced sustainable energy [1, 2]. In the face of international movement away from conventional fuels and towards a greener future, many experimental labs around the world are rushing to find the next big breakthrough in the development of natural resources, specifically through highly effective
* Lakshmi Machineni [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh, Chennai - Srikakulam Highway, Near Kondruprolu, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh 534101, India
means of exploring biomass as a sustainable alternative feedstock. There are various outr
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