Handbook for Azospirillum Technical Issues and Protocols
The functional analysis of plant-microbe interactions has re-emerged in the past 10 years due to spectacular advances in integrative study models. This book summarizes basic and technical information related to the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PG
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andbook for Azospirillum Technical Issues and Protocols
Handbook for Azospirillum
Fabricio Dario Cassán • Yaacov Okon Cecilia M. Creus Editors
Handbook for Azospirillum Technical Issues and Protocols
Editors Fabricio Dario Cassán Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto Rio Cuarto, Argentina
Yaacov Okon The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot, Israel
Cecilia M. Creus Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Balcarce, Argentina
ISBN 978-3-319-06541-0 ISBN 978-3-319-06542-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-06542-7
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015936671 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The genus Azospirillum is one of the most widely studied and commercially used plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in agriculture, especially in South America (MERCOSUR). It belongs to the class Alphaproteobacteria and comprises free-living, nitrogen-fixing, vibrio- or spirillum-shaped rods that exert beneficial effects on plant growth and on the yield of many agronomically important crops. Following inoculation of several grasses, cereals, and legumes with azospirilla, there are pronounced morphological effects on the roots, beginning with the proliferation of root hairs. The morphological effects are generally dependent on inoculum concentration and are consistent with the exogenous indole acetic acid (IAA) levels secreted by bacteria. The IAA/cytokinin ratio and nitric oxide (NO), a key signaling molecule involved in a wide range of functions in plants, are also important. One of the most important achievements obtained from research is the utilization of commercial azospirilla inoculants (the bacteria in a suitable carrier), mainly in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Mexico, and South Africa. About 3.5 milli
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