Heavy metal concentrations and associated health risks in edible tissues of marine nekton from the outer Pearl River Est
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Heavy metal concentrations and associated health risks in edible tissues of marine nekton from the outer Pearl River Estuary, South China Sea Chang-Ping Yang 1,2,3
& Yan Liu
1,2,3
& Bin-Bin Shan
1,2,3
4
& Jing Xu & Wei Yu
1,3,5
& Dian-Rong Sun
1,2,3
& Zai-Wang Zhang
6
Received: 7 May 2019 / Accepted: 23 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Seven heavy metals including Hg, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, and As were examined in seventeen marine nekton species from the outer Pearl River Estuary (PRE), South China Sea. On the wet weight basis, the metal concentration ranges were 0.016–0.157 μg/g for Hg, 0.18–14.3 μg/g for Cu, 0.26–1.48 μg/g for Pb, 0.021–0.873 μg/g for Cd, 1.35–57.15 μg/g for Zn, 0.15–0.53 μg/g for Cr, and 0.42–7.83 μg/g for As, respectively. The levels of tested metals except for Pb in crustaceans were found to be higher than those in fish and cephalopods, suggesting that the diet and habitat played important roles on heavy metal accumulation ability of marine organism. Except for Cd in Champsodon capensis, Calappa lophos, and Portunus argentatus, all the left metal concentrations of investigated nekton species were below their permissible upper limits, indicating that consumption of examined marine nekton should be considered as safe for human health. The values of single target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ were all less than 1 and also suggested that there was no health risk for consumption. Even so, the local people should control their daily intake of crustacean foods from the outer PRE, since there might be potential As and Cd cumulative risks. Keywords Heavy metal . Human health risk . Demersal nekton . Outer Pearl River Estuary
Introduction Heavy metals are known as important pollutants in the marine environment which come from natural sources (e.g., rock weathering, volcanic eruption, and atmospheric deposition) and anthropogenic activities (e.g., mining, industrial, traffic, and domestic sewage) (Gu et al. 2015a; Saha et al. 2016; Sapkota et al. 2008). Some metals such as Copper and Zinc
play important roles in biological systems, while some (e.g., Hg, Pb, As) are not necessary for organisms (Uluozlu et al. 2007; Kumar et al. 2019). All metals would be toxic when above threshold level (Gupta et al. 2009; Subotić et al. 2013; Gu et al. 2015b; Liu et al. 2015). On the other hand, if being ingested over a long time period, toxic metals may cause negative effects to the health of humans even at very low concentrations (Kljakovic-Gaspic et al. 2010).
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10605-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Dian-Rong Sun [email protected] * Zai-Wang Zhang [email protected] 1
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
2
Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploration & Utiliza
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