Hemocytes transcriptomes reveal metabolism changes and detoxification mechanisms in response to ammonia stress in Octopu
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Hemocytes transcriptomes reveal metabolism changes and detoxification mechanisms in response to ammonia stress in Octopus minor Ran Xu1,2 Xiaodong Zheng1,2 ●
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Accepted: 4 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ammonia is one of the major aquatic environmental pollutants that can bring detrimental effects to the growth and survival of aquatic organisms. However, the molecular mechanisms of ammonia toxicity and ammonia excretion in marine invertebrates especially mollusks are still poorly understood. Cephalopods are exclusively ammonotelic with high protein metabolism and ammonia excretion rate, making this taxonomic group an ideal specimen to explore the ammonia detoxification mechanism. In this study, comparative transcriptomes were employed to investigate the transcriptional changes of O. minor in responses to acute ammonia exposure. A total of 63,237 unigenes with an average length of 811 bp were discovered and 25,708 unigenes were successfully annotated. The transcription of 1845 genes were significantly changed after ammonia stress, including 315 up-regulated genes and 1530 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that 44 GO terms and 55 KEGG pathways were over-represented. Notably, a large number of genes involved in immune defense, citric acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and amino acid metabolisms were significantly downregulated, indicating the decelerated energy production and amino acid rate in response to acute ammonia stress. These results provide new insights into the potential molecular mechanism of ammonia detoxification on transcriptomic level and will facilitate further mechanism studies on mollusks. Keywords Octopus minor Ammonia toxicity Transcriptome Immune defense Metabolic changes ●
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Introduction Octopus minor is one of the most important commercial cephalopods in China and it is a promising species for aquaculture because of its benthic lifestyle, short life span and rapid growth rate (Zheng et al. 2014). In north China only, the overall amount of catching is more than 10,000
Supplementary information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02279-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xiaodong Zheng [email protected] 1
Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, 266003 Qingdao, China
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Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, 266003 Qingdao, China
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tons per year. High price and great demand require the development of O. minor industry. Although restrictions such as low fecundity, long embryonic development period and feeding problems still exist, the artificial culturing of O. minor has been working since 2009, and some progress has been made (Liu 2013; Qian et al. 2013; Zheng et al. 2014). As short-lived aquatic liv
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