Hepatitis D virus seroprevalence in Egyptian HBsAg-positive children: a single-center study
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Hepatitis D virus seroprevalence in Egyptian HBsAg‑positive children: a single‑center study Hanan M. Fouad1 · Amal Ahmed2 · Ehab Mahfouz Reyad3 · Sanaa Mohammed ElSadek4 · Rania Abdelmonem Khattab5 · Dalia Ali El Damasy6 Received: 5 January 2020 / Accepted: 25 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis D virus (HDV) antibodies in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive children after 25 years of obligatory vaccination of infants against hepatitis B virus. This cross-sectional study included 120 treatment-naïveHBsAg-positive children, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1 and a mean age of 7.8 ± 3.8 years (range, 1-17 years). Mothers were positive for HBsAg in 96.6% of the cases. HBeAg-positive chronic infection was observed in 60% of the cases, HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis in 12.5%, and HBeAg-negative chronic infection in 26.7%. Anti-HDV antibodies were not detected in any of the cases. Thus, there is a lack of anti-HDV antibodies in HBsAg-positive children, despite the current burden in adults. List of abbreviations in alphabetical order ALT Alanine aminotransferase EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay HBc IgG Hepatitis B core immunoglobulin G HBe Ab Hepatitis B e antibody HBe Ag Hepatitis B e antigen HBs Ag Hepatitis B surface antigen HBV DNA Hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid HBV Hepatitis B virus HCV Hepatitis C virus Handling Editor: Michael Carpenter. * Hanan M. Fouad [email protected] 1
Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
2
Biochemistry Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
3
Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
4
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
5
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
6
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
HDV Hepatitis D virus IQR Interquartile range SD Standard deviation
Introduction Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a blood-borne pathogen that is dependent on hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its spread. About 5% of chronic HBV patients harbor HDV as well [1]. There are eight major genotypes of HDV, the most common of which is type 1 [2]. HDV infection may occur concomitantly with or subsequent to HBV infection. In HBV-endemic regions, superinfection is the most common pattern. HBV/ HDV coinfection increases the likelihood of hepatic-related complications in adults [3] and children [4], irrespective of HBeAg status. HDV screening is recommended for all HBVinfected patients [5]. HDV prevention is based mainly on precautions against blood-borne infection, in addition to immunization against HBV [1]. As a consequence of widespread HBV vaccination, the epidemiology of HDV has
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