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3 Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Tokyo
Manfred Schwab
(Ed.)
Encyclopedic Reference of
Cancer With 261 Figures and 64 Tables
13
Manfred Schwab Professor for Genetics, Director, Division Cytogenetics - H-0400 German Cancer Research Center Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg Germany
ISBN 3-540-66527-7 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schwab, M. (Manfred), 1945Encyclopedic reference of cancer / Manfred Schwab. p. cm. ISBN 3540665277 1. Cancer±Encyclopedias. I. Title. RC254.5 .S393 2001 616.99'4'003±dc21
2001049122
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH http://www.springer.de Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Printed in Italy The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about the application of operative techniques and medications contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Production Editor: Andreas GoÈsling, Heidelberg Typesetting: Mitterweger & Partner Kommunikationsgesellschaft mbH, Plankstadt Cover design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper
SPIN: 10731831
14/3130/ag
543210
Preface Cancer, although a dreadful disease, is at the same time a fascinating biological phenotype. Around 1980, cancer was first attributed to malfunctioning genes and, subsequently, cancer research has become a major area of scientific research supporting the foundations of modern biology to a great extent. To unravel the human genome sequence was one of those extraordinary tasks, which has largely been fuelled by cancer research, and many of the fascinating insights into the genetic circuits that regulate developmental processes have also emerged from research on cancer. Diverse biological disciplines such as cytogenetics, virology, cell biology, classical and molecular genetics, epidemiology, biochemistry, together with the clinical sciences, have closed ranks in their search of how cancer develops and to find remedies to stop the abnormal growth that is characteristic of cancerous cells. In the attempt t