Hepatitis Delta Virus
Since its discovery nearly 30 years ago, hepatitis delta virus (HDV) has continued to surprise and fascinate. At 1,680 nucleotides the HDV genome is the smallest known to infect man. It is unique among animal viruses, the closest known relatives being pla
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Editors R.W. Compans, Atlanta/Georgia M.D. Cooper, Birmingham/Alabama T. Honjo, Kyoto · H. Koprowski, Philadelphia/Pennsylvania F. Melchers, Basel · M.B.A. Oldstone, La Jolla/California S. Olsnes, Oslo · P.K. Vogt, La Jolla/California H. Wagner, Munich
J.L. Casey (Ed.)
Hepatitis Delta Virus
With 25 Figures and 12 Tables
123
John L. Casey, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology and Immunology Georgetown University 3900 Reservoir Road, NW Washington, DC 20007 USA e-mail: [email protected] The cover illustration is a simplified structure of hepatitis delta virus showing the internal ribonucleoprotein complex, which contains the circular RNA genome and the two forms of the hepatitis delta antigen; the envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus form the exterior of the virus. The inset is an electron micrograph of purified hepatitis delta virus particles, and was kindly provided by Dr. John Gerin. The background immunofluorescence image is of transfected cells expressing hepatitis delta antigen, and was kindly provided by Dawn Defenbaugh.
Library of Congress Catalog Number 72-152360 ISSN 0070-217X ISBN-10 3-540-29801-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-29801-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September, 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Editor: Simon Rallison, Heidelberg Desk editor: Anne Clauss, Heidelberg Production editor: Nadja Kroke, Leipzig Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Typesetting: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 11577317 27/3150/YL – 5 4 3 2 1 0
Preface
Since its discovery nearly 30 years ago, hepatitis delta virus (HDV) has continued to surprise and fascinate. Initially thought to be an antigenic variant of hepatitis B virus (HBV), HDV was soon found to be a defective virus that depends on an underlying or simultaneous hepatitis B infection. The clinical significanc
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