Herbivore-induced volatile emissions are altered by soil legacy effects in cereal cropping systems
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Herbivore-induced volatile emissions are altered by soil legacy effects in cereal cropping systems Shealyn C. Malone & David K. Weaver & Tim F. Seipel & Fabian D. Menalled & Megan L. Hofland & Justin B. Runyon & Amy M. Trowbridge
Received: 18 March 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Aims (main purpose and research question) Soil properties, including microbial composition and nutrient availability, can influence the emissions of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that serve as host-location cues for insect pests and their natural enemies. Agricultural practices have profound effects on soil properties, but how these influence crop VOCs remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of agricultural practices on constitutive and herbivore-induced VOC emissions by a major staple crop through soil legacy effects. Methods In a full factorial experiment, we measured VOC emissions by wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in soil inoculum from wheat-fallow or wheat-cover crop rotations that was subjected to feeding by larval Cephus cinctus.
Responsible Editor: Hans Lambers S. C. Malone (*) : D. K. Weaver : T. F. Seipel : F. D. Menalled : M. L. Hofland Department of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA e-mail: [email protected] J. B. Runyon Forest Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA A. M. Trowbridge Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
Results (main findings) Under herbivory, plants grown in cover crop inoculum emitted greater total VOCs, including higher concentrations of 2-pentadecanone, an insect repellent, and nonanal, a compound important in the recruitment of natural enemies. Plants grown in fallow inoculum showed no differences in emissions whether under herbivory or not. Soil inoculum did not influence VOC emissions of plants in the absence of larval feeding. Conclusions These results suggest that agricultural practices influence crop VOC emissions through soil legacy effects. Additionally, crops grown in wheatfallow rotations may be less successful recruiting natural enemies of pests through herbivore-induced VOC signaling. Abbreviations Volatile organic compounds (VOCs); herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV); green leaf volatiles (GLVs); northern Great Plains (NGP); wheat stem sawfly (WSS); gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS); generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM). Keywords Crop rotations . Plant-soil feedbacks . Indirect defense . Triticum aestivum . Cephus cinctus . Pest management Abbreviations VOCs Volatile organic compounds HIPV herbivore-induced plant volatiles GLVs green leaf volatiles NGP northern Great Plains
Plant Soil
WSS GC-MS NMDS GLMM
wheat stem sawfly gas chromatography-mass spectrometry non-metric multidimensional scaling generalized linear mixed-effects model
Introduction Plant volatile organic compounds
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