Effect of organic amendments on yield-scaled N 2 O emissions from winter wheat-summer maize cropping systems in Northwes
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of organic amendments on yield-scaled N2O emissions from winter wheat-summer maize cropping systems in Northwest China Fenglian Lv 1 & Xueyun Yang 1 & Huanhuan Xu 1 & Asif Khan 1 & Shulan Zhang 1 & Benhua Sun 1 & Jiangxin Gu 1 Received: 11 December 2019 / Accepted: 27 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The effect of dairy manure amendments to agricultural soil on the yield-scaled nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions remains unclear. We hypothesize that an optimum ratio of dairy manure to synthetic fertilizers leads to large nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and small yield-scaled N2O emissions. The aims of this study were to (1) quantify the variations in the crop yields and N2O emissions from winter wheat-summer maize cropping systems in Northwest China, (2) determine the responses of the NUE and yieldscaled N2O emission to the ratio of organic materials to synthetic fertilizers, and (3) evaluate the relationship between the NUE and yield-scaled N2O emissions. Field measurements were conducted within long- and short-term fertilization experiments between the years of 2014 and 2016. Treatments included synthetic fertilizers, synthetic fertilizers plus crop residues, and synthetic fertilizers plus dairy manure at both sites. The annual grain yields and N2O emissions varied from 13.3 to 18.0 Mg ha−1 and from 1.3 to 3.6 kg N ha−1, respectively, across the treatments. The yield-scaled N2O emissions related negatively to the NUE, suggesting that agronomic aims of improving NUE are an effective approach to mitigate N2O emissions. The ratio of organic materials to synthetic fertilizers was not a significant limit on the NUE and yield-scaled N2O emissions. We conclude that organic amendments appeared to play a minor influence on the promotion of the NUE and N2O mitigation. Keywords Grain yield . Nitrogen use efficiency . Nitrous oxide . Dairy manure . Synthetic fertilizer
Introduction Agricultural soils are a dominant source of nitrous oxide (N2O) that contributes approximately 6% to global radiative forcing (IPCC 2014). Soil N2O is primarily produced via microbial processes such as nitrification, denitrification, and nitrifier denitrification (Butterbach-Bahl et al. 2013). The relative importance of each process varies greatly across climate, soil types, and field managements, leading to large spatial and temporal variations in N2O Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi * Jiangxin Gu [email protected]; [email protected] Fenglian Lv [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People’s Republic of China
emissions (Berger et al. 2013; Gu et al. 2013, 2016; van Groenigen et al. 2015). Annual N2O emissions have been shown to increase with nitrogen (N) input rates, especially so when the applied N exceeds the crop demand (Hoben et al. 2011; van Groenigen et al. 2010). Ferti
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