Electrospun Ni-Ni(OH) 2 /Carbon Nanofibers as Flexible Binder-Free Supercapacitor Electrode with Enhanced Specific Capac
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08458-3 Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Electrospun Ni-Ni(OH)2/Carbon Nanofibers as Flexible Binder-Free Supercapacitor Electrode with Enhanced Specific Capacitance EERDEMUTU ERDEMUTU,1,3 CHAOLUMEN BAI,2 and LIJUN DING1 1.—College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China. 2.—College of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, People’s Republic of China. 3.—e-mail: [email protected]
A flexible Ni-Ni(OH)2/carbon nanofiber (CNF) composite material was fabricated via electrospinning followed by a high-temperature carbonization and hydrothermal process. The Ni-Ni(OH)2/CNFs calcined at 800°C exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, with high specific capacitance of 763 F g1 (1 A g1). Moreover, the material showed good stability, with 94% capacitance retention after 8000 cycles. This work proves that Ni-Ni(OH)2/ CNFs are a promising candidate for use as a high-efficiency supercapacitor electrode material. Key words: Electrospinning, Ni-Ni(OH)2, carbon nanofibers, synergism
INTRODUCTION As an energy storage device, supercapacitors (SCs) have garnered much attention because of their unique advantages including superior power density, long-term cycling stability, and environmentally friendly nature.1–4 They have been widely utilized in portable device and electric vehicle applications.5–9 SCs can be classified as electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors (PCs).9–13 The energy storage mechanism of EDLCs is the physical adsorption/desorption of ions without electron transfer. Generally, carbon-based materials are used as electrode material for EDLCs, as they exhibit high power density and low capacitance,14–16 whereas PCs store energy by fast and reversible redox reactions or faradaic charge transfer at the surface of the material, which can provide high capacitance.17–19 Therefore, the development of a hybrid electrode exploiting the combined advantages of EDLCs and PCs is a perfect solution
(Received April 23, 2020; accepted August 28, 2020)
for achieving devices with efficient energy storage and conversion.20,21 Metal oxides and hydroxides are the most promising candidates for supercapacitor electrodes, and include RuO2,22–24 Co3O4,25–28 V2O5,29 and Ni(OH)2, 30–32 which can achieve high energy density and specific capacitance. Due to the low cost and significant theoretical capacitance (2082 F g1), Ni(OH)2 is also widely investigated.33 Although poor conductivity restricts the electrochemical utility of Ni(OH)2, many strategies have been proposed in the past decade to overcome this issue.34 For example, introducing impurities into Ni(OH)2 can effectively improve the electrical conductivity. Ede et al. fabricated Ni/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets by a one-step method and reported maximum specific capacitance of 62 F g1 at a voltage of 1.65 V,35 with capacity retention greater than 90% even after 6000 cycles. A micro-flower Ni@Ni(OH)2 was reported by Zo
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