High Concentrations of Very Long Chain Leaf Wax Alkanes of Thrips Susceptible Pepper Accessions ( Capsicum spp)
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High Concentrations of Very Long Chain Leaf Wax Alkanes of Thrips Susceptible Pepper Accessions (Capsicum spp) Mirka Macel 1,2 & Isabella G. S. Visschers 1 & Janny L. Peters 3 & Nicole M. van Dam 1,4,5 & Rob M. de Graaf 6 Received: 16 July 2020 / Revised: 25 September 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The cuticular wax layer can be important for plant resistance to insects. Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) damage was assessed on 11 pepper accessions of Capsicum annuum and C. chinense in leaf disc and whole plant assays. Thrips damage differed among the accessions. We analyzed the composition of leaf cuticular waxes of these accessions by GC-MS. The leaf wax composition was different between the two Capsicum species. In C. annuum, 1-octacosanol (C28 alcohol) was the most abundant component, whereas in C. chinense 1-triacotanol (C30 alcohol) was the prominent. Thrips susceptible accessions had significantly higher concentrations of C25-C29 n-alkanes and iso-alkanes compared to relatively resistant pepper accessions. The triterpenoids α- and ß-amyrin tended to be more abundant in resistant accessions. Our study suggests a role for very long chain wax alkanes in thrips susceptibility of pepper. Keywords Capsicum . Wax metabolites . Alkanes . Triterpenoid . Thrips . Resistance . Plant defense
Introduction The cuticular wax layer of the leaf is a first barrier for an herbivorous insect to tackle after landing on the leaf surface. Plant cuticular waxes can consist of very long chain (> 20C)
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-020-01226-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Rob M. de Graaf [email protected] 1
Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute of Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
2
Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
3
Plant Systems Physiology, Institute of Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University, P. O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
4
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
5
Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
6
Microbiology, Institute of Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
alkanes, ketones, alcohols, fatty acids and triterpenoids (Eigenbrode and Espelie 1995). The primary function of this wax layer is to protect the plant against desiccation, solar radiation and pathogens (Jenks et al. 1995; Mariani and Wolters-Arts 2000). The wax layer can be a physical barrier for insects to attach to or penetrate the leaf surface (Eigenbrode and Espelie 1995). The triterpenoids and other metabolites in the wax layer can be feeding or oviposition deterrents for herbivorous insects (
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