Modified frequency encoded tri-state logic gates using total internal reflectional switch based on 4BCMU polymer
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Modified frequency encoded tri-state logic gates using total internal reflectional switch based on 4BCMU polymer Kousik Mukherjee1
Received: 27 November 2019 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 Ó The Optical Society of India 2020
Abstract All optical tri-state single-input logic gates inverter, truth selector, false detector, exclusive truth selector and exclusive false selector are designed, and operation is explained with input and output power spectrum. The modified frequency encoding is utilized to make the hardware simpler and operation faster. The total reflectional switch used in these designs of the logic gates is very attractive for future optical computing systems, and possible properties of switch and power requirements are discussed. Possible and efficient material for this purpose of the logic processor may be polymers like 4BCMU (Poly[dodecadiyn-1,12-diol-bis(n-butoxycarbonyl-methylurethane)]) showing high nonlinearity. To achieve total internal reflections from the prism nonlinear material interface for an incidence angle of 45°, the intensity of the control light should be 3.05 9 104 W/lm2. Keywords Tri-state logic Total internal reflection Modified frequency encoding Nonlinear materials
Introduction For processing of large amount of data, alternative techniques for representing data are necessary and one such technique is tri-state representation of the logic levels. Frequency encoding technique has become popular among the researchers, and many proposals for logic gates and processors are given in the last few years [1–7]. Frequency & Kousik Mukherjee [email protected] 1
Physics Department, B.B.College, Asansol, West Bengal, India
is a fundamental character, and it does not change on reflection, refraction, etc., and thus very fruitful for representing states of information [7–10]. Besides these advantages, frequency encoding for the representation of logic states is very useful for tri-state or tri-nary logic [11–13]. The technique of frequency encoding was found in the work of P. Jorgenson [14], M.T. Hill et al. [15] and M L Arestova et al. [16] for multi-valued logic. To make the hardware of the logic gates simpler, the frequency encoding technique for tri-state representation is modified [17], and in this communication the modified frequency encoding technique is utilized. In frequency encoding, signals of different optical photon frequency are used for different states of information in place of intensity or polarization states. Frequency is a fundamental character and does not change on reflection, refraction, etc., and thus very fruitful for representing states of information [1–5]. Therefore, to represent three states (tri-state), three different frequencies are required. However, in modified frequency encoding for tri-state it is possible to represent the three states by two frequencies only, and the third state is represented by the presence of both the frequencies or absence of both frequencies. This modification is extendable to quaternary logic (four states of
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