Highlights and recent developments in skin allergy and related diseases in EAACI journals (2018)
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Clinical and Translational Allergy Open Access
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Highlights and recent developments in skin allergy and related diseases in EAACI journals (2018) C. A. Akdis1, J. Bousquet2,3,4,5* , C. E. Grattan6, P. A. Eigenmann7, K. Hoffmann‑Sommergruber8, I. Agache9 and M. Jutel10
Abstract The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) supports three journals: Allergy, Paediatric Allergy and Immunology as well as Clinical and Translational Allergy. The major goals of EAACI include (i) supporting health promotion in which the prevention of allergy and asthma plays a critical role and (ii) disseminating the knowledge of allergy to all stakeholders including the EAACI junior members. Substantial progress was made in 2018 in the identi‑ fication of basic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis and urticaria and the translation of these mechanisms into clinics. Many large epidemiologic studies and meta-analyses have been the highlights of the last year. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, Urticaria, EAACI Introduction The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) supports three official journals: Allergy, Paediatric Allergy and Immunology as well as Clinical and Translational Allergy. The major goals of EAACI include (i) supporting health promotion in which the prevention and control of allergy plays a critical role and (ii) disseminating the knowledge of allergy to all stakeholders including the EAACI Junior Members. The EAACI journals reported advances in allergy in 2017 [1, 2] and 2018 [3]. This paper summarizes the achievements of 2018 in atopic dermatitis and urticaria. The position papers and EAACI/WAO/GA2LEN guidelines are summarized. Atopic dermatitis Mechanisms
Atopic dermatitis (AD), commonly known as eczema, is a chronic skin disorder associated with skin barrier dysfunction that is characterized by dry, itchy skin (pruritus).
*Correspondence: [email protected] 2 MACVIA-France, Fondation Partenariale FMC VIA-LR, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Interleukin-31 (IL-31) secreted by T-helper 2 (TH2) cells induces the itchy symptoms. The role of IL-31 in the pathogenesis of AD and novel therapeutic strategies targeting its receptor have been recently reviewed [4]. AD patients have an altered skin microbiome composition characterized by an increased colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) which is associated with disease severity. In addition, AD patients have a reduced expression of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) receptors in Langerhans cells (LC) and inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells (IDEC) compared to healthy controls [5]. Ex vivo human skin models were treated with the TLR2 ligand Pam3Cys, a mimic of S. aureus. In contrast to healthy skin, LC and IDEC lacked maturation and had a strong spontaneous migratory activity. The supernatant of AD skin showed significantly reduced levels of IL-6 and IL-10 and an overexpression of IL-18. A novel mechani
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