Highly Fluorinated Hybrid Glasses doped with (Erbium-ions/CdSe Nanoparticles) Designed for Advanced Laser Amplifiers
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V5.3.1/FF5.3.1
Highly Fluorinated Hybrid Glasses doped with (Erbium-ions/CdSe Nanoparticles) Designed for Advanced Laser Amplifiers
Kyung M. Choi and John A. Rogers Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT Bridged polysilsesquioxanes were synthesized by modifying the Si-O-Si polymeric network to produce highly nanoporous glasses for facile and uniform doping of nanoparticles. By taking advantages of void volumes created through the molecular modification technique, we designed and synthesized hexylene- and fluoroalkylenebridged polysilsesquioxanes doped with both Er+3 ions/CdSe nanoparticles for amplifier applications. Significant enhancement in fluorescence intensity at 1540 nm has been observed from the fluoroalkylene-bridged glass. Analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicates a dramatically enhanced degree of condensation and a low level of hydroxyl environment in the fluoroalkylene-bridged hosts. The presence of CdSe nanoparticles, by virtue of their low phonon energy, also appears to significantly influence the nature of the surrounding photoluminescence environment of Er+3 ions in those organically modified hosts, resulting in the increased photoluminescence intensity.
INTRODUCTION Since silicon-based technology has shown limitations, especially in molecular modification and easy processability, development of new alternative silicon-based components has been actively pursued to extend current technologies to advanced levels. In optoelectronic technology, development of new materials and optimization of materials’ properties became essential to bring advances in device performances. For example, in photonic devices, new optical materials have been sought for diverse information-processing technologies to produce novel optical fibers, waveguides, optical switching devices, laser devices, laser amplifiers, optical displays, and data storage devices. However, there are many inherent problems in creating novel optical properties, especially in silicate glasses due to difficulties in its molecular modification. Since single components in both organic and inorganic materials have shown the limitations, development of hybrid silicate systems such as the organic/inorganic hybrid silicate materials may be one of key contributes to produce advanced optical materials.
V5.3.2/FF5.3.2
For this reason, organically modified, organic/inorganic hybrid glasses have been widely investigated as a new version of alternatives to normal silicates due to the promise of designed optical properties that are not easily achieved from conventional inorganic silicates.1-5 As illustrated in Figure 1a, organic/inorganic hybrid materials can range, depending on their size scales of mixing, from physical mixtures of inorganic oxides and organic compounds including blends, composites, and nanocomposites, to molecular composites that utilize formal chemical linkages between the organic and inorganic domains. The relative size scale of mixing domains for each of these different types of hybri
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