Highly Negative Dispersive, Low Loss Single-Mode Photonic Crystal Fiber
In this paper a new five-layer circular air holes photonic crystal fiber (PCF) having low dispersion and confinement loss is analyzed. A full-vector finite-element method approach is used . Due to proper selection of air-fill fraction, it has been made po
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Abstract In this paper a new five-layer circular air holes photonic crystal fiber (PCF) having low dispersion and confinement loss is analyzed. A full-vector finite-element method approach is used. Due to proper selection of air-fill fraction, it has been made possible to obtain the two required properties of PCF for wide range of wavelengths, that is, low (nearly zero and high negative) dispersion and ultralow confinement loss of the order of 10−7 dB/km. It has been found that the proposed fiber is single mode. The confinement loss and dispersion is demonstrated for wavelength range which are 1–2 µm. Thus highly negative dispersion of PCFs useful for application in optical communication links as dispersion compensating fibers.
Keywords Confinement loss Dispersion Finite-element method Photonic crystal fiber Single-mode fiber Single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) fibers
1 Introduction Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are used as an alternative fiber technology. PCF is a new category of fiber optics that contains an arrangement of roughly wavelengthsized holes organized along the fiber optics immensely extends the possibilities of Shahiruddin (&) S. Singh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Patna 800014, India e-mail: [email protected] S. Singh e-mail: [email protected] D.K. Singh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Patna 800005, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 A. Kalam et al. (eds.), Advances in Electronics, Communication and Computing, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 443, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4765-7_11
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optical fiber technology. The cladding was formed by using photonic crystal around the core. To achieve better waveguide in PCF the light is confined inside the core compared to traditional fiber optics. Single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) fibers were planned by using an elliptical core or using absorbent substance along the core. The bandwidth is around 180 nm is reported under single polarization [1], which may not be enough for several applications. An extremely large refractive index variation is required between to make this class of fiber. The ability to carrying the information in optical communication system played an important role by dispersion. The PCF provide the liberty to controlled and tailored dispersion values. In a PCF with an infinite air hole in the cladding, propagation is theoretically lossless. However, in the fabricated fibers due to finite number of air holes the guided modes are leaky. As yet various types of low-dispersion PCF with low confinement loss have been proposed [2–4]. The negative dispersion of −203 ps/(km nm) of Ge-doped core PCF is reported [2]. The main drawback of such kind of PCF is fabrication difficulties due to doped core. At 1.55 lm the projected value of dispersion is −491.5 ps/(km nm) and confinement loss is 0.035 dB/km [3]. A PCF design is reported using an equiangular s
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