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History of Western Philosophy Nigel Tubbs University of Winchester, UK

palgrave

macmillan

© Nigel Tubbs 2009 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-01938-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries

ISBN 978-0-230-01939-3 ISBN 978-0-230-24484-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230244849 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09

the ‘true world’ … [is] the history of an error Nietzsche, Twilight of the Idols should we not be concerned as to whether this fear of error is not just the error itself? Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit

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Contents Preface

viii

Acknowledgements

x

Introduction

1

Part I The Ancient Mind 1 Naming the Beginning

13

Part II Cultures of Error 2 Hellenic and Alexandrian Philosophy

27

3 Mediaeval Christian Philosophy

40

4 Mediaeval Islamic and Judaic Philosophy

70

5 Rationalist Philosophy

94

Part III Modern Philosophical Education 6 The Modern Mind

115

7 Present History of Western Philosophy

144

Notes

167

Appendix

174

References

183

Index

188

vii

Preface When I agreed with the publishers to write a History of Western Philosophy they hoped, I think, for an introductory text suitable for first year undergraduates. But in essence, such a book would only have been an introduction to other introductions to the history of Western philosophy. It would