Horizontal displacement effect in tsunami wave generation in the western Makran region
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Horizontal displacement effect in tsunami wave generation in the western M AKRAN region Amin Rashidi1,2
· Denys Dutykh3,4 · Zaher Hossein Shomali1,5
Received: 4 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 / Published online: 16 November 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The current silent status of the western segment of the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ), also known as the western Makran, is an opportunity to examine different aspects of a tsunami hazard for this region. In this study, we compute the contribution of the horizontal coseismic displacement of the sea bottom due to earthquakes in the western Makran. This contribution is usually ignored in conventional tsunami generation modeling. We also estimate the evolution of tsunami wave energy and the influence of horizontal seabed displacements on the energy. Moreover, the effect of source parameters variation on tsunami amplitude and on the contribution of the horizontal seabed movement is investigated. Our numerical results show that due to the mild bathymetry gradient of the western Makran region, the effect of horizontal displacements is low. We estimate a 4% increase in maximum tsunami wave amplitude by the influence of the horizontal motion. Also, the contribution from horizontal seabed displacements leads to almost a 9% increment in tsunami wave energy. In addition to local bathymetry, the importance of horizontal seabed deformation can be affected by the fault rake, width and location. These are the main parameters causing uncertainty in the present study. Keywords Western Makran · Horizontal co-seismic displacements · Tsunami active generation · Numerical modeling · Tsunami wave modeling
Abbreviations MSZ Makran subduction zone COMCOT Cornell multi-grid coupled tsunami model GEBCO General bathymetric chart of the oceans IR Iran Com. Complete Incom. Incomplete Hom. Homogeneous Het. Heterogeneous
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Amin Rashidi [email protected]
1
Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1435944411, Iran
2
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
3
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAMA, 73000 Chambéry, France
4
LAMA UMR 5127 CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Campus Scientifique, 73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
5
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavagen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
Sta. Dyn. Max Amp En. Tot. Pot. Kin. ANR LAMA UMR EQ ISC NCEI
Static Dynamic Maximum Amplitude Energy Total Potential Kinetic Agence Nationale de la Recherche LAboratory of MAthematics Unité Mixte de Recherche Earthquake International Seismological Centre NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information
1 Introduction The Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) consists of two seismically different regions along its strike: eastern and western segments. The active eastern segment of the Makran sub-
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duction zone has been the site of two tsunamis in the last 100 years. While the eastern and western segments of the Makran subduction zone h
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