Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children II
Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity II provides a current view from leading experts concerning the hottest topics of concern to clinicians caring for children with infections. The book brings together a collection of manuscripts from a faculty of authors
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HOT TOPICS IN INFECTION AND IMMUNITY IN CHILDREN II Edited by Andrew J. Pollard and Adam Finn
Acknowledgments
We are indebted to all of the contributors to this text who have generously provided their carefully written manuscripts in good time for editing and publication. We are also grateful to the staff of Keble College, Oxford, UK who hosted Infection and Immunity in Children 2004 on which the text is based. We are particularly grateful to Julia Bremble for administration of the Course, to Sue Sheaf who assisted with the preparation of the edited manuscripts and to our colleagues and families who supported our own activities in this venture. Our gratitude also for the support provided by the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Disease (ESPID), the British Paediatric Allergy Infection and Immunity Group (BPAIIG), and the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH). Lastly, we are pleased to acknowledge the generous and unrestricted financial support of Acambis, Aventis Pasteur, Baxter, Chiron Vaccines, GlaxoSmithKline vaccines, and Wyeth Vaccines who made the meeting possible. The Editors are especially grateful to Nigel Curtis for providing the photographs of the contributors to this volume taken at the course “Infection and Immunity in Children 2004, Keble College, Oxford, UK”.
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Contents
Contributing Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1. Emerging Infections and Children: Influenza and Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Sarah S. Long 1. 2. 3. 4.
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epidemiology of Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortality from Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Influenza-Associated Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1. An Illustrative Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2. History of Emergence of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy . . . . . . . . 4.3. Clinical Manifestations of ANE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4. Pathogenesis of ANE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5. Suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 8
2. Chickenpox Party or Varicella Vaccine? Sophie Hambleton and Ann M. Arvin 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. VZV Disease in Unvaccinated Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Varicella Vaccine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. The US
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