How climate change can affect cholera incidence and prevalence? A systematic review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
How climate change can affect cholera incidence and prevalence? A systematic review Zahra Asadgol 1,2 & Alireza Badirzadeh 3 & Sadegh Niazi 4 & Yaser Mokhayeri 5 & Majid Kermani 1,2 & Hamed Mohammadi 6 & Mitra Gholami 1,2 Received: 29 February 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Although the number of cholera infection decreased universally, climate change can potentially affect both incidence and prevalence rates of disease in endemic regions. There is considerable consistent evidence, explaining the associations between cholera and climatic variables. However, it is essentially required to compare and interpret these relationships globally. The aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic review in order to identify and appraise the literature concerning the relationship between nonanthropogenic climatic variabilities such as extreme weather- and ocean-related variables and cholera infection rates. The systematic literature review of studies was conducted by using determined search terms via four major electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. This search focused on published articles in English-language up to December 31, 2018. A total of 43 full-text studies that met our criteria have been identified and included in our analysis. The reviewed studies demonstrated that cholera incidence is highly attributed to climatic variables, especially rainfall, temperature, sea surface temperature (SST) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The association between cholera incidence and climatic variables has been investigated by a variety of data analysis methodologies, most commonly time series analysis, generalized linear model (GLM), regression analysis, and spatial/GIS. The results of this study assist the policy-makers who provide the efforts for planning and prevention actions in the face of changing global climatic variables. Keywords Climate change . Cholera . Rainfall . Air temperature
Mitra Gholami and Hamed Mohammadi should be considered as joint corresponding authors. Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09992-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hamed Mohammadi [email protected]
3
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
* Mitra Gholami [email protected]
4
Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
1
Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5
Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
2
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Scho
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