HSP Stimulation on Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Activates Innate Immune System
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Microbial HSP can activate innate immune system by closely regulating the antigen presentation function of dendritic cells and macrophages that produce proinflammatory cytokines. Howe
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Abstract Introduction Heat shock proteins (HSP) are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Microbial HSP can activate innate immune system by closely regulating the antigen presentation function of dendritic cells and macrophages that produce proinflammatory cytokines. However, it is not organized how microbial and host HSP activate macrophages and dendritic cells in human and mouse. Besides, knowing the functions of HSP in innate immunology and tumor biology is also necessary for a deep understanding of inflammatory diseases and cancers. Here, we review; (i) how bacterial and mammalian HSP activate the innate immune system through activation of macrophages, (ii) how HSP interrelate with professional APC (dendritic cells) and participate in antigen presentation, and (iii) how HSP play key roles in innate immune system and tumor immunology. Methods Studies containing keywords “dendritic cells, heat shock protein; innate immune system; macrophage; mitogen-activated protein kinase; proinflammatory cytokines; toll-like receptor” on Pubmed and Google data base were searched and summarized. Results Microbial HSP60 is capable of activating macrophages by regulating CD14 and toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) signaling pathway. HSP produced in mammalian hosts
Yanyin Lu and Takanori Eguchi contributed equally with all other contributors. Y. Lu Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan T. Eguchi (*) Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 A. A. A. Asea, P. Kaur (eds.), Heat Shock Proteins, https://doi.org/10.1007/7515_2020_26
Y. Lu and T. Eguchi
stimulate the activation of macrophages through various promoters, receptors, and pathways such as enhancing their antioxidant defense, activating the toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inducing the production of IL-12 and TNF-α. HSP can be complexed with peptides and form HSP-peptides complexes, while HSP-peptides complexes can be taken up and re-presented by APCs such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) by MHC class I molecules and induce specific CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) responses. HSP are also involved in promoting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and modulating client proteins, which is closely related to inflammatory diseases and tumor survival, proliferation, and progression. Conclusions HSP are involved in the modulation of innate immunity. Both microbial and host HSP are capable of activating macrophages and DCs by provoking the production of proinflammatory cytokines and various receptors for different pathways. HSP engage in the specific immunological function in the progression of protein folding, cytoprotection, antigen presentation, and even tumor proliferation a
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