Hydrochemical Characterization for Groundwater Suitability in a Semi-Arid Area in Sanganer Block, Jaipur District, Rajas
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Hydrochemical Characterization for Groundwater Suitability in a Semi-Arid Area in Sanganer Block, Jaipur District, Rajasthan Abdur Rahman1,3, K. K. Tiwari2, and N. C. Mondal1,3,* 1
Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad - 500 007, India Department of Sciences and Humanities, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Srinagar - 190 006, India 3 Earth Process Modeling Group, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad - 500 007, India *E-mail: [email protected] 2
ABSTRACT Major hydrochemical ionic concentrations in groundwater has been analyzed during dry and wet periods (pre-monsoon and postmonsoon periods, respectively) in a semi-arid Sanganer block, Jaipur district, Rajasthan, India. The standard methods were utilized for evaluating its appropriateness for irrigation and drinking uses. Results indicate that groundwater is moderately alkaline and predominantly Ca-Na-HCO3-type. About 38.8, 33.3, 33.3 and 22.2% samples for TDS, Cl–, NO3– and F– concentrations, respectively, have exceeded the guidelines of drinking water standards in the dry period whereas in the wet period, about 44.4, 33.3, 44.4 and 16.6%, respectively. The EC, SAR, RSC, Na%, KR, and MAR parameters indicate that the majority of samples are unsuitable for irrigation. Gibbs diagram suggests that the hydrochemistry is dominatingly impacted by the evaporation mechanism. Chloro-alkaline indices adapted show that the study area mostly belong to the discharge areas. The corrosivity ratio indicates that only PVC pipes could be utilized in an area of 280 km2 for the groundwater based water supply. Further percentage of pollution index shows that groundwater is adversely impacted partially by the anthropogenic activities. But the Na++K+ vs. Cl– plot illustrates that the combined Na+-K+ contribution is from the silicate weathering. INTRODUCTION Groundwater is extremely important for the development of infrastructure, agriculture, and industrial activities (Bachmat, 1994). In semi-arid areas, it is the principal source of water (Keesari et al., 2014). It is assumed that the semi-desert/semi-arid areas are also critical parts of the complete water balance of the earth’s sub-surface. It is well-known that a numerous factors and their interactions influence the water quality such as geology (Nagaiah et al., 2017; Pant, 2018), mineralogy (Mondal et al., 2009), hydrogeological conditions (Soumya et al., 2013; Mondal et al., 2017), hydrochemical processes (Rajesh et al., 2015), evaporation, precipitation (Soumya et al., 2013), seawater intrusion (Sarwade et al., 2007; Mondal et al., 2010), over-exploitation, and human activities particularly anthropogenic pollutant into the subsurface (Mondal and Singh, 2011; Sharma et al., 2017). Excess of physical and chemical parameters not only impacted surface water quality (Hem, 1991) but also groundwater quality (Kumar et al., 2012; Mondal et al., 2016). Hence, it is essential to use best methods for dealing with groundwater issues (Abbas et al.,
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