Catalytic fast pyrolysis of walnut shell for alkylphenols production with nitrogen-doped activated carbon catalyst
- PDF / 2,106,950 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 595.276 x 785.197 pts Page_size
- 58 Downloads / 198 Views
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Catalytic fast pyrolysis of walnut shell for alkylphenols production with nitrogen-doped activated carbon catalyst Shanwei Ma1, Hang Li1, Guan Zhang1, Tahir Iqbal2, Kai Li1, Qiang Lu (✉)1 1 State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electric Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China 2 Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
HIGHLIGHTS
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
• N-doped activated carbon was prepared for catalytic pyrolysis of walnut shell. • Alkylphenols were selectively produced from catalytic pyrolysis process. • The alkylphenols yield increased by 8.5 times under the optimal conditions. • Formation mechanism of alkylphenols was proposed.
ARTICLE INFO Article history:
Received 21 February 2020 Revised 19 July 2020 Accepted 21 July 2020 Available online 30 August 2020 Keywords: Pyrolysis Walnut shell Alkylphenols Nitrogen-doped activated carbon
ABSTRACT Alkylphenols are a group of valuable phenolic compounds that can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, three activated carbons (ACs) were prepared for catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of walnut shell to produce alkylphenols, including nitrogen-doped walnut shell-derived activated carbon (N/WSAC), nitrogen-doped rice husk-derived activated carbon (N/RHAC) and walnut shell-derived activated carbon (WSAC). Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) experiments were carried out to reveal the influences of AC type, pyrolytic temperature, and AC-to-walnut shell (AC-to-WS) ratio on the product distributions. Results showed that with nitrogen doping, the N/ WSAC possessed stronger capability than WSAC toward the alkylphenols production, and moreover, the N/WSAC also exhibited better effects than N/RHAC to prepare alkylphenols. Under the catalysis of N/WSAC, yields of alkylphenols were significantly increased, especially phenol, cresol and 4-ethylphenol. As the increase of pyrolytic temperature, the alkylphenols yield first increased and then decreased, while high selectivity could be obtained at low pyrolytic temperatures. Such a trend was also observed as the AC-to-WS ratio continuously increased. The alkylphenols production achieved a maximal yield of 44.19 mg/g with the corresponding selectivity of 34.7% at the pyrolytic temperature of 400°C and AC-to-WS ratio of 3, compared with those of only 4.67 mg/g and 6.1% without catalyst. In addition, the possible formation mechanism of alkylphenols was also proposed with the catalysis of N/WSAC. © Higher Education Press 2020
1
Introduction
As the exhaustion of fossil resources, the utilization of renewable lignocellulosic biomass to produce industrial
✉ Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
chemical materials and products has attracted considerable attention (Wang et al., 2017; Li et al., 2020). Bio-oil, the primary liquid product obtained from the conversion of biomass via the fast pyrolysis process, is easy to store, trans
Data Loading...
