Hydrogen sulfide negatively regulates cd-induced cell death in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L) root tip cells
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Hydrogen sulfide negatively regulates cd-induced cell death in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) root tip cells Shilei Luo1, Zhongqi Tang1, Jihua Yu1*, Weibiao Liao1, Jianming Xie1, Jian Lv1, Zhi Feng1 and Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda1,2
Abstract Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas signal molecule involved in regulating plants tolerance to heavy metals stress. In this study, we investigated the role of H2S in cadmium-(Cd-) induced cell death of root tips of cucumber seedlings. Results: The results showed that the application of 200 μM Cd caused cell death, increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), chromatin condensation, the release of Cytochrome c (Cyt c) from mitochondria and activated caspase-3-like protease. Pretreatment of seedlings with 100 μM sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor) effectively alleviated the growth inhibition and reduced cell death of root tips caused by Cd stress. Additionally, NaHS + Cd treatment could decrease the ROS level and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity. Pretreatment with NaHS also inhibited the release of Cyt c from the mitochondria, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), and the activity of caspase-3-like protease in the root tips of cucumber seedling under Cd stress. Conclusion: H2S inhibited Cd-induced cell death in cucumber root tips by reducing ROS accumulation, activating the antioxidant system, inhibiting mitochondrial Cyt c release and reducing the opening of the MPTP. The results suggest that H2S is a negative regulator of Cd-induced cell death in the root tips of cucumber seedling. Keywords: Mitochondria, Cyt c, Oxidative damage, Cell death, Caspase-3-like protease
Background Cadmium (Cd) pollution of the environment as a result of human activities has attracted worldwide attention [1]. Cd toxicity can cause ROS elevation in plants, oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, cell death and growth inhibition [2–4]. Plants under Cd stress exhibit symptoms such as leaf curling and chlorosis [5]. The elongation of roots and synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in wheat was inhibited under Cd stress [6, 7]. Moreover, * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
photosynthesis, synthesis of amino acids and proteins as well as plant growth were all decreased in spinach plants under Cd stress [8]. Plants have developed physiological and biochemical mechanisms to cope with complex and harsh environments and one of such self-defense mechanisms are the accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is a vital part of reactive sulfur species [9], has recently been named as the third gasotransmitter, after nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) [10]. In humans, H2S is involved in blood flow, neurotransmission, immune response, hormone secretion and muscle contraction systems [11, 12]. In plants, low concentrations of H2S have resulted in
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