Hydrogeochemical Assessment and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas of Bishnupur District, Manipur
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Hydrogeochemical Assessment and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas of Bishnupur District, Manipur Wazir Alam*, Yumnam Gyanendra, Rajdeep Chanda, Ranu Jajo Laishram and Nashimun Nesa Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Manipur University (Central University), Canchipur, Imphal - 795 003, India *E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Hydrogeochemical evaluation and assessment of groundwater quality was carried for selected areas of Bishnupur district of Manipur to ensure its suitability for drinking and irrigational uses. Twenty physico-chemical parameters of groundwater samples from thirty-one spatially distributed areas were assesed including major geogenic contaminants such as Fe3+, As3+ and F- to ensure public health safety. In-situ parameters such as temperature, pH, EC, DO, salinity, ORP, TDS were determined using field sensors and other parameters were analysed using standards methods. The suitability of groundwater for potable use was assessed using drinking water quality index based on World Health Organisation standards. Groundwater quality indices exhibit very poor results due to presence of high dissolved solids, higher values of EC, excessive hardness and presence of geogenic contaminants in the groundwater samples. Irrigational water quality of groundwater resources showed satisfactory results according to the various irrigational water quality parameters and indices. Geochemical evaluation showed most of the groundwater sources are dominated by Ca-Mg-Na-HCO3–-Cl– type of water mainly originated from silicate and carbonate rock-weathering or dissolutions processes. INTRODUCTION Normally, groundwater qualities are influenced by various natural as well as anthropogenic factors (Rasool et al., 2017). In general, occurrence, release and mobilization of geogenic contaminants in groundwater are influenced by the types of aquifer formation, hydrgeochemical interactions of soil-water phases and their radox conditions (Fetter, 2007). Presence of various geogenic contaminants in groundwater resources, such as heavy metals, trace elements has greatly influenced groundwater quality causing a huge threat to public health safety in several parts of the world (UNICEF, 2006). Many cases of fluorosis have been reported globally due to presence of high concentration of fluoride in groundwater (Ali et al. 2016; Dhanya and Shaji, 2017; Dahariya et al., 2015; Farwell et al., 2006; Brunt et al., 2004). Similarly, presence of geogenic arsenic in groundwater resource has been extensively reported across the world and instances of disastrous situation have been reported from the river basins of South-East Asian countries (Mukherjee et al., 2012; Mahanta et al., 2009). In India, millions of people have suffered due to arsenic induced health disaster in Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) plain (Verma et al., 2015; Mukherjee et al. 2015; Bhattacharya et al. 2012). Presence of arsenic and fluoride in elevated concentration in groundwater resources of Barak, Brahmaputra flood-plain and other North-easter
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