Assessment of quality and health risk of peri-urban groundwater supply from selected areas of Abeokuta, Ogun State, Sout
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Assessment of quality and health risk of peri-urban groundwater supply from selected areas of Abeokuta, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria Adewole Michael Gbadebo
Received: 16 December 2019 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Groundwater is an important source of drinking water. However, pollution of groundwater resource could initiate serious health damage to the consumers. The present study aimed at assessing the quality and health risk of groundwater samples collected from the peri-urban areas of Abeokuta. Twelve (12) fresh ditch cuttings from wells sites and forty (40) well water samples were collected between August and September, 2018. Samples were analysed for important physical and chemical parameters using the standard procedure. Groundwater data were subjected to statistical manipulation of descriptive and inferential statistics. The health risk assessment was conducted for non-carcinogenic effect {hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI)} and cancer risk (CR). Results showed the pH of groundwater ranged from 7.65 to 8.48. The electrical conductivity varied from 266.5 to 461.5 lS/cm, while the total dissolved solids ranged from 90.0 to 348.2 mg/L. The concentrations of Pb (1.58–14.5 lg/L), Mn (11.10–836 lg/L), Al
(64–2000 lg/L) and Fe (30–5070 lg/L) in groundwater were higher than the permissible limits of the World Health Organization in drinking water. The levels of metals/metalloids in the well cuttings were: Pb (8.9–27.6 lg/kg), As (0.8–8.6 lg/kg), Cr (14.0–98.0 lg/kg) and Mn (138.0–1080 lg/kg). The HQs of Cr (infants and children) and Ba (infants, children and adults) were greater than 1.0 indicating adverse health effects. The CRs of Cr, Co and Ni in water consumed by infants, children and adults were greater than the acceptable limit of 1.0 9 10–4 suggesting possible development of cancer. The health risk data of metals in groundwater indicated deleterious health effects on consumers. Keywords Groundwater Health risk Water quality Metals Ditch cuttings
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00746-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. M. Gbadebo (&) Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Water is one of the most essential resources that supports all forms of plant and animal lives (Vanloon and Duffy 2005). Approximately one third of the world’s population relied on groundwater from boreholes and hand dug wells, for provision of drinking water (Smith et al. 2002; Mendie 2005; Nickson et al. 2005). However, groundwater quality is threatened by organic and inorganic pollutants arising from anthropogenic activities such as agriculture,
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Environ Geochem Health
industrialization, mining and refinery, atmospheric deposition, oil spillage
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