Identification and Characterization of Two Defensins from Capsicum annuum Fruits that Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity
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Identification and Characterization of Two Defensins from Capsicum annuum Fruits that Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity Rodrigo da Silva Gebara 1 & Gabriel Bonan Taveira 1 & Layrana de Azevedo dos Santos 1 & Sanderson Dias Calixto 2 & Thatiana Lopes Biá Ventura Simão 3 & Elena Lassounskaia 2 & Michelle Frazão Muzitano 3 & André Teixeira-Ferreira 4 & Jonas Perales 4 & Rosana Rodrigues 5 & André de Oliveira Carvalho 1 & Valdirene Moreira Gomes 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Scientific advances have not been enough to combat the growing resistance to antimicrobial medicines. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are effector molecules of the innate immune defense system in plants and could provide an important source of new antimicrobial drugs. The aim of this work was to extract, purify, characterize, and evaluate the antifungal activities present in fractions obtained from Capsicum annum fruits through reversed-phase chromatography. The fractions named F2 and F3 presented the highest inhibitory activity against Candida and Mycobacterium tuberculosis species. In addition, we identified two sequences of AMPs in the F2 and F3 fractions through mass spectrometry that showed similarity to an already wellcharacterized family of plant defensins. A plasma membrane permeabilization assay demonstrated that the peptides present in F2, F3, and F4 fractions induced changes in the membrane of some yeast strains, culminating in permeabilization. The production of reactive oxygen species was induced by the fractions in some yeast strains. Fractions F2, F3, and F4 also did not show toxicity in macrophage or monocyte cultures. In conclusion, the obtained data demonstrate that the AMPs, especially those present in the fractions F2 and F3, are promising antimicrobial agents that may be useful to enhance the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of diseases. Keywords Antimicrobial peptides . Tuberculosis . Candida . Mycobacteria
Introduction Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are effector molecules of the immune defense systems in virtually all living organisms, with representatives in organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes such as mammals and plants [1, 2]. These peptides generally exhibit a wide range of inhibitory activities against bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, protozoa, and
viruses, acting as an innate immune strategy of plants against pathogens [3, 4]. Plant AMPs have been isolated from the roots, seeds, leaves, flowers, and fruits of a broad variety of species and have shown important pharmacological activities against human microbial pathogens and neoplastic cells [5, 6]. Plant AMPs are small molecules with lower molecular weights (less than 10 kDa) that are amphipathic, which confers the ability to
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-020-09647-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Valdirene Moreira Gomes [email protected] 1
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Laboratório de Fisiolog
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