Identification and functional characterization of MdPIF3 in response to cold and drought stress in Malus domestica
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Identification and functional characterization of MdPIF3 in response to cold and drought stress in Malus domestica Peng‑Fei Zheng1 · Yu‑Ying Yang1 · Shuai Zhang2 · Chun‑Xiang You1 · Zhen‑Lu Zhang1 · Yu‑Jin Hao1 Received: 22 August 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) are a subset of helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, which play critical roles in plant growth and development, as well as in adaption to ambient environments. However, PIF members have not been completely identified in apple (Malus domestica), a widely distributed fruit crop with significant economical importance. Here, we characterized MdPIF3, the homolog of AtPIF3, and determined its role in response to abiotic stresses in apple. We first analyzed its gene and protein structure, and found that it contained bHLH domain, active phytochrome B binding (APB) motif, as well as active phytochrome A binding (APA) motif. Yeast-two-hybrid assays indicated that MdPIF3 formed a homodimer by itself and heterodimers with other MdPIFs. Moreover, MdPIF3 was responsive to light and cold treatment at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. Overexpression of MdPIF3 reduced cold tolerance but enhanced drought resistance in both apple callus and Arabidopsis. Key message The bHLH-type protein, MdPIF3, plays a key role in cold and drought tolerance in plants. Keywords Apple · bHLH transcription factor · MdPIF3 · Cold stress · Drought stress
Introduction Plant growth requires suitable conditions, however, they always encounter adverse factors, such as drought, low temperature, and high salinity, that restrain the growth of Communicated by Henryk Flachowsky. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01968-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Zhen‑Lu Zhang [email protected] * Yu‑Jin Hao [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, People’s Republic of China
College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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most plants in natural environments (Knight and Knight 2012; Zhu 2002). Drought stress induces a series of adverse effects on plants, including inhibited germination, wilting, decreased chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate, and results in repressed plant growth, as well as crop yields (Jaleel et al. 2009; Kaya et al. 2006; Li et al. 2015; Manickavelu et al. 2006; Manivannan et al. 2007). Similarly, cold stress affects a series of physiological processes of plants, such as cell membrane permeability, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus, severely affects the spatial distribution and agricultural productivity of crop plants (Chinnusamy et al. 2007; Gill and Tuteja 2010; Kratsch and Wise 2000). Apple (Malus do
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