Identification and phylogenetic analysis of a tobamovirus causing hibiscus ( Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) mosaic disease i
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Identification and phylogenetic analysis of a tobamovirus causing hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) mosaic disease in Iran Mohamad Hamed Ghodoum Parizipour 1
&
Vahid Keshavarz-Tohid 1
Received: 3 July 2018 / Accepted: 29 January 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) is a tropical perennial shrub frequently cultivated as an ornamental plant in southwest Iran. Virus-like symptoms including leaf mosaic, mottling and malformation have been observed on hibiscus plants during 2015– 2017. Infectivity of the causal agent of the symptoms was proved through mechanical transmission to indicator plants. The cotton-melon aphid (Aphis gossypii G.) was shown to transmit the causal agent with a very low efficiency. A tobamoviral infection was detected in symptomatic leaves by ELISA. Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) coat protein (CP) gene was amplified in infected samples and sequenced completely. Nucleotide comparison of the sequences showed 96–98% identity to Iranian isolates of ToMV. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequence of ToMV isolates originating from various sources and diverse geographical locations was performed and ToMV isolates were classified into two clades, Clade I and Clade II. ToMV isolates obtained in this study were placed in Clade II and formed a separate subclade. Multiple alignment of amino acid sequences demonstrated several substitutions in CPs of hibiscus-infecting ToMV isolates which might contribute to the variations in symptoms induced by them. The results showed the first record of ToMV infecting an ornamental plant in Iran. Keywords Coat protein . Leaf malformation . ToMV . Transmission
Introduction Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., family Malvaceae) is an evergreen tropical shrub originated from East Asia (Bates 1965). Due to its tolerance to high temperature and saline soil, it has been extensively cultivated as an ornamental plant in southwestern regions of Iran. Additionally, the flowers of hibiscus are edible and they are widely used to produce various herbal drugs (Morton 1997). Like any other plant, hibiscus is invaded by many pests and pathogens which threaten its survival and cause economic loss to urban landscape. The cottonmelon aphid (Aphis gossypii G.) is one of the important cosmopolitan pests of hibiscus plants which cause direct damage by Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-020-00510-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mohamad Hamed Ghodoum Parizipour [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
sucking the plant sap and producing honeydew (Blackman and Eastop 2007). The indirect damage of A. gossypii is to transmit a number of plant viruses (Harris 2018). Among the diseases that affect plants, viral diseases are of particular importance since they c
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