Phytoremediation potential of Echinochloa crus galli and Hibiscus cannabinus in the stabilization of municipal wastewate
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Phytoremediation potential of Echinochloa crus galli and Hibiscus cannabinus in the stabilization of municipal wastewater sludge A. Almasi1,2 · M. Mohammadi1,3 · Z. Kazemitabar1 · L. Hemati1,4 Received: 1 February 2020 / Revised: 23 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract In this study, the phytoremediation potential of municipal sewage sludge was studied by Echinochloa crus galli and Hibiscus cannabinus plants with special reference to total organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, sodium uptake ratio, pH, electrical conductivity and lead and cadmium heavy metals. Design and construction of E. crus galli beds in Kermanshah and E. crus galli and H. cannabinus in Sarpol Zahab wastewater treatment plant was carried out at the outdoor. In Kermanshah wastewater treatment plant, the removal efficiency of total organic carbon in phytoremediation by E. crus galli increased with maturity and reached 62 ± 1.3% (P
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